BioMed Research International

Research Article

Intermittent Hypoxic Training at Lactate Threshold Intensity Improves Aiming Performance in Well-Trained Biathletes with Little Change of Cardiovascular Variables

Table 3

Mean values selected shooting indicators recorded in the experimental and control groups (H, n = 7; C, n = 7) at rest and postincremental test in normoxia.

Variable

Group H

Cohen’s d

Group C

Cohen’s d

ANOVA

S1_N

S2_N

S3_N

d₁

d₂

d₃

S1_N

S2_N

S3_N

d₁

d₂

d₃

Time

Group

Interaction

RT9_rest (%)

63.28 ± 8.51

66.42 ± 11.50

63.00 ± 9.72

0.34

0.35

0.03

61.00 ± 6.61

60.85 ± 7.69

59.00 ± 6.20

0.02

0.29

0.35

F = 2.21;

F = 0.84;

F = 0.85;

RT9_post (%)

41.28 ± 9.77

52.60 ± 9.28

43.28 ± 10.59

1.23

0.96

0.29

38.42 ± 6.34

37.85 ± 2.26

37.00 ± 6.44

0.13

0.19

0.24

F = 3.97;

F = 4.86;

F = 4.09;

LVTT_rest (mm)

62.28 ± 9.91

59.85 ± 10.41

57.71 ± 14.51

0.26

0.18

0.40

70.71 ± 16.19

68.14 ± 10.42

82.14 ± 22.70

0.20

0.85

0.63

F = 0.89;

F = 5.24; p = 0.04

F = 2.16;

LVTT_post (mm)

100.71 ± 10.17

83.50 ± 11.44

98.57 ± 6.26

1.71

1.76

0.27

103.57 ± 24.61

107.00 ± 13.97

101.42 ± 114.92

0.47

0.26

0.21

F = 2.29;

F = 2.87;

F = 4.61;

LHTT_rest (mm)

69.71 ± 15.98

64.42 ± 8.40

66.14 ± 10.60

0.45

0.19

0.28

77.42 ± 12.16

80.57 ± 13.98

83.00 ± 15.43

0.26

0.18

0.43

F = 0.17;

F = 5.74;

F = 1.04;

LHTT_post (mm)

96.57 ± 19.93

92.28 ± 13.16

96.42 ± 14.35

0.27

0.32

0.01

89.42 ± 11.70

90.28 ± 8.38

93.42 ± 12.08

0.09

0.33

0.36

F = 0.89;

F = 0.37;

F = 0.50;

MTTS_rest (mm/s)

196.42 ± 26.88

179.42 ± 17.71

187.85 ± 29.13

0.81

0.38

0.33

186.00 ± 10.26

188.57 ± 16.76

191.28 ± 35.72

0.20

0.11

0.22

F = 0.72;

F = 0.004;

F = 1.28;

MTTS_post (mm/s)

250.71 ± 62.07

215.71 ± 56.78

247.00 ± 30.52

0.65

0.78

0.06

244.42 ± 46.94

241.57 ± 15.07

248.57 ± 25.93

0.09

0.36

0.12

F = 1.48;

F = 0.16;

F = 0.86;

Test series in normoxia: S1_N, before training; S2_N, 3 and 4 days after training; S3_N, 14 and 15 days after training. Effect size: d₁, between S1_N and S2_N; d₂, between S2_N and S3_N; d₃, between S1_N and S3_N. , statistically significant differences in relation to initial measurements (S1_N). RT9, percent of retention time in the area of 9.0 during 20 s aiming test; LVTT, length of the vertical tracking trace; LHTT, length of the horizontal tracking trace; MTTS, maximum target tracking speed; rest, at rest; post, postexercise.