|
| | Source | Subject | Models
Interventions | Methods of analysis: mRNA measurement | Methods of analysis:
Protein measurement | IL-6 measurement,
tissue | Microglia status, tissue | Microglia IL-6 producer | Outcome |
|
| IL-6 increased and microglia activated | Wang, H.
2018 | Viral-bacterial lung co-infection | mice, adults/
primary microglial cell culture
Influenza A, Streptococcus. pneumoniae, SAA exposure | qPCR - Hypothalamus and primary cell culture: Tnf, Il1b, Il6, Ccl2, Fpr2, Saa1 | IHC - PVN: IBA1, GFAP, TNF-α, SAA | mRNA expression increased, hypothalamus
(P < 0.05) | Activated, PVN
(P < 0.05) | Yes
(P < 0.05) | Neuroinflammation |
Le Foll, C.
2015 | Amylin exposure | rats and mice, adults/
VMH explants/
VMH astrocytes/
VMN neurons/
cortical and hypothalamic microglia
Amylin exposure | qPCR - ARC, VMH, VMN, cell culture:: Il-1b, Il-6, Il-10, Tnf, Lif, Cntf, Gp130, Ctr1a, Ctr1b, Ramp1, Ramp2, Ramp3, Lepr-b, Socs3, Ins-r, Npy, Agrp, Pomc. | ICC - ARC, VMN: pSTAT3
Immunoassay - cell culture medium: IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α | mRNA expression increased, VMN
(P < 0.05) | Activated, Cortical
( P < 0.05) | Yes | Decreased body weight gain |
Ziko, I.
2014 | LPS exposure in adults Neonatally overfed | rats, pups and adults
Neonatal overfeeding model
LPS exposure | qPCR - hypothalamus:
Tlr4, Nfkb,Il1b, Il1ra, Il6, Tnf | IHC - DMH, LH, VMH: IBA1 | mRNA expression increased, hypothalamus
(P < 0.05) | Activated, PVN
(P < 0.05) | No data | Increased body weight in small litters and adults |
Tapia-González, S.
2011 | Neonatal overfeeding | rats, pups
Neonatal overfeeding model
| | WB - hypothalamus: IL-6, p-IkB
IHC - ARC, ME, VMH: MHC-II | Protein expression increased, hypothalamus
(P < 0.01)
| Activated, hypothalamus, (P<0,05) | No data | Overweight |
Mingam, R.
2008 | LPS exposure in P2X7R knockout model | mice, adult/
primary glial cell culture
LPS exposure | qPCR - hypothalamus: Il-6, Il-1b, Tnf | ELISA - cell culture medium: IL-1β
IHC - cell culture: CD11b, CD68, IL-1β, GFAP,
WB - cell culture medium: IL-1β | Protein and mRNA expression increased, whole brain
(P < 0.05) | Activated
(P < 0.05) | Yes
(P < 0.05) | Decreased IL-1β release |
|
| IL-6 increased without microglia information | Cao, H. M.
2015 | Mimecan exposure | Rats and mice, adults
primary neurons cell culture
N9 cells
Mimecan exposure | qPCR - hypothalamus: Il1-b, Il-6
qPCR - primary cell culture: Il1-b, Il-6, Socs3
qPCR
qPCR -N9 cell culture: Il1-b, Il-6, Socs3 | WB - hypothalamus: SOCS3 | mRNA expression increased, hypothalamus
(P < 0.05 /
P < 0.01) | No data | Yes
(P < 0.01) | Anorexia |
Roque, A.
2015 | Early life stress | rats, pups
Maternal separation model | qPCR - hypothalamus: Il1-b, Il-6, Tnf | - | mRNA expression increased, hypothalamus
(P < 0.01) | No data | No data | Stress can dysregulate the HPA axis |
|
| IL-6 increase and microglia suppressed | Silva, T.M.
2017 | Minocycline in acute hypoxia | rats, adults
Pretreatment with Minocycline followed by exposition to acute hypoxia | qPCR - mice PVH: Il-1b, Il-6, Tnf, Mmp9, Cd3, Hprt | IHC: TH, c-Fos | mRNA expression increased, PVH
(P < 0.05) | Suppressed
(P < 0.05) | No | Disrupted organization of breath activity |
|
| IL-6 unaltered and microglia activated | Younes-Rapozo, V.
2015 | Long-term effects of nicotine exposure during lactation in offspring | rats, pups
Nicotine in dams. | - | IF - ARC, PVN, LH, PE: GFAP, IBA-1, CX3CR1, MCP-1, IL-6 | Protein expression had no change, ARC, PE, PVN, LH | Activated, in PVN (P < 0.05) | No data | Obesity |
Sugama, S.
2007 | Inescapable stress | rats and mice, adults
restraint combined with water immersion stress | qPCR - hypothalamus: Il-1b, Il-6, Inos | IF: IL1-β, IL-6, iNOS
IHC: OX42, CD11b | mRNA expression had no change, hypothalamus | Activated
(P < 0.001) | No | Hypothalamic microglia activation |
Ye, S. M.
1999 | Aging | mice, juvenile, adult, and aged/
primary cell culture of whole brains
Basal conditions | RT-PCR - glial cell culture: Il-6 | ELISA glial cell culture medium: IL-6
IHC: GFAP, MAC-1(CD11B)
Flow Cytometry glial cell culture: GFAP, MAC-1
ELISA tissue homogenates: IL-6
Hybridoma bioassay: IL-6 | Protein expression had no change in the hypothalamus | Activated, all brain (P < 0.05) | Yes
(P < 0.01) | chronic inflammation in whole brain without changes in the hypothalamus |
|
| IL-6 decreased and microglia suppressed | Ramirez, K.
2016 | Benzodiazepines treatment in Repeated social stress condition | Mice, adult
Exposed to stress condition and treated with benzodiazepines | qPCR - hypothalamus: Il1-b, Il-6, Tnf | - | mRNA expression decreased, hypothalamus
(P < 0.05) | Suppressed, whole brain
(P < 0.05) | Yes
(P < 0.05) | reversal of stress-induced behavioral |
Santos Masson, G.
2015 | Short-term exercise training in arterial hypertension model | Rat, adult
2 weeks of exercise model in spontaneously hypertensive rats | - | WB - PVN: CXCR4, ERK1/
2 pERK1/
2, HMGB1, IL-6, p-IKBa, SDF-1, TNF-α
IF: HMGB1, IBA-1 | Protein expression decreased, PVN
(P < 0.01) | Suppressed, PVN
(P < 0.01) | No data | Control of arterial hypertension |
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