Review Article

Donor and Recipient Outcomes following Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Living Donor Nephrectomy: A Systematic Review

Table 2

RALDN associated intraoperative and postoperative outcomes.

AuthorIntraoperative dataEarly (< 30 days) postoperative dataLate (> 30 days) postoperative data
OT, min (mean)CT, min WIT, min EBL
mL 
CR 
n (%)
ComplicationsLOS, days Hb decrease TRPain (VAS) ComplicationsFUComplication type Last eGFRLast creatinine 
n (%)Type (n)n (%)type (CDC) (n)
(mean)(mean)(mean)(mean)(g/dL)n (%)mean(mo)(CDC) (n)(mL/min/ 1.73m2)(mg/dL)

Gorodner (n.v.a.) [8]146n.r.1.5763 (2.0)1 (0,6)Bleeding2n.r.0 (0)n.r.11 (7.4)Pneumonia (n=2)  
Pancreatitis (n=1)  
Superficial wound infection (n=8)
n.r.n.r.n.r.n.r.
Gorodner (v.a.) [8]158n.r.1.71071 (1.6)2n.r.0 (0)n.r.n.r.n.r.n.r.n.r.

Renoult [7]185.5n.r.7.1n.r.0 (0)0 (0)5.8-0,90 (0)n.r.1 (7.6)Deep vein thrombosis (n=1)n.r.n.r.n.r.n.r.

Hubert [6]181n.r.5.8n.r.0 (0)0 (0)5.5-0.80 (0)n.r.6 (15.7)Acute pyelonephritis (n=2) 
Deep vein thrombosis (n=1)  
Pulmonary embolism (n=1)  
Wound infection (n=1)  
Urinary tract infection (n=1)
n.r.n.r.n.r.n.r.

Horgan [3]150n.r1.6824 (1.8)4 (1.8)Bleeding2n.r.n.r.n.r.24 (11.2)Pneumonia (n=1)  
Pancreatitis (n=1)  
Wound infection (n=10)  
Ileus (n=11)  
Ventral hernia (n=1)
n.r.n.r.n.r.n.r.

Pietrabissa [9]215953,15<500 (0)0 (0)1n.r.0 (0)n.r.0 (0)01.5n.r.65n.r.

Geffner [10]149n.r.n.r.1461 (2.9)1 (2.8)Bleeding3.2n.r.1 (2.8)Acute urinary retentionn.r.n.r.n.r.n.r.

Kaouk [11]2401205,46n.r.0 (0)0 (0)2n.r.0 (0)24h:3/100 (0)0n.r.n.r.n.r.n.r.

Galvani [2]150n.r.3,3750 (0)0 (0)3n.r.0 (0)24h: 6/10 
72 h: 2/10
0 (0)0n.r.n.r.n.r.n.r.

Liu [1]218n.r.3.8300 (0)0 (0)3.6n.r0 (0)n.r.n.r.n.r.n.r.n.r.n.r.n.r.

Cohen: Initial 20 cases [5]149n.r.n.r.n.r.1 (5)1 (5)Bleeding2.3n.r.0 (0)n.r.2 (10)Deep vein thrombosis (n=1)  
Bleeding (n=1)
n.r.n.r.n.r.n.r.

Cohen: Last 80 cases [5]139n.r.n.r.n.r.0 (0)1 (1.2)Tear in the mesocolon1.5n.r.1 (1.2)n.r.2 (2.5)Nausea (n=1)  
Bleeding (n=1)
n.r.n.r.n.r.n.r.

Bhattu [12]156.6n.r.5.3n.r.0 (0)0 (0)3-0.86h:4.3/10 24h:2.7/10
48h:1.4/10
2 (13.3)n.r. (I) (n=2)  n.r.n.r.n.r.n.r.

Serrano [4]306n.rn.r.803 (3.1)3 (3.1)n.r.3n.r0 (0)n.r.8 (8.5)Infection (n=1)  
Ileus (n=3)  
Urinary tract infection (n=4)
120Incisional hernia (n=1)n.r.1.01

Janki [13]205.0n.r.4.01001 (1.6)4 (6.7)Kidney torsion (n=1),  
Stapler malfunction (n=1),  
bleeding (n=2)
2.0n.r.0 (0)n.r.5 (8.4)Wound infection (I) (n=1) Subcutaneous hematoma (I) (n=1) Seroma of the trocar incision (I) (n=1)  
Urinary tract infection (II) (n=1)  
Chylous leakage (IIIA) (n=1)
3Nausea-dizziness (I) (n=1)54.01.07

Heredia [14]170n.r.<1.5n.r.0 (0)0 (0)3n.r.n.r.n.r.0 (0)0n.r.n.r.n.r.n.r.

Giacomoni [15]239111n.r.n.r.n.r.3 (3.0)Bleeding (n=2)  
Pneumothorax (n=1)
4,5n.r.2 (2.0)n.r.13 (13.2)Seroma (I) (n=5)  
Rhabdomyolysis (II) (n=1)  
Subocclusion (II) (n=1)  
Paralytic ileus (II) (n=1)  
Hypertensive crisis (II) (n=1)  
Oxygen desaturation (II) (n=1)  
Postoperative anemia (II) (n=1)  
Chylous collection (III) (n=2)
n.r.n.r.n.r.n.r.

Yang [16]192.3n.r3.455.9n.r.n.r.2.5-1.80 (0)n.r.1 (4.5)Chylous leakage (II) (n=1)12Nausea (I) (n=1)60.61.2

Lamattina [17]26282n.r.770 (0)0 (0)2n.rn.rn.r.n.r.n.r.n.r.n.r.n.r.n.r.

Barman [18]215n.r.550n.r.n.r.n.r.n.r.n.r.n.r.n.r.n.r.n.r.n.r.n.r.n.r.

: significantly higher with respect to control group, : significantly lower with respect to control group, CDC: Clavien Dindo classification, CR: conversion rate, CT: console time, EBL: estimated blood loss, eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate, FU: follow-up, LOS: length of stay, mo: months, n.r.: not reported, n.v.a.: normal vascular anatomy, OT: operative time, TR: transfusion rate, v.a.: vascular anomalies, VAS: Visual Analog Scale, and WIT: warm ischemia time.