Demographic and Lifestyle Predictors of Prehypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study among Apparently Healthy Adults in Kumasi, Ghana
Table 3
Sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics of the study population stratified by hypertensive status.
Variables
Normotensive (n=104/51%)
Pre-HTN (n=100/49%)
p values
Age (years)
46.54 ± 15.59
44.68 ± 10.55
0.32
Age ranges
0.16
<40 years
52(56.5)
40(43.5)
≥40 years
52(46.4)
60(53.6)
Sex
0.20
Male
36(45.0)
44(55.0)
Female
68(54.8)
56(45.2)
Highest educational level
0.03
≤Secondary
84(47.7)
92(52.3)
>Secondary
20(71.4)
8(28.6)
Marital status
0.19
Single
32(44.4)
40(55.6)
Married
72(54.5)
60(45.5)
Employment status
0.42
Unemployed
12(42.9)
16(57.1)
Employed
92(52.3)
84(47.7)
Practice at least 30 min daily walks
0.01
Yes
88(56.4)
68(43.6)
No
16(33.3)
32(66.7)
Routinely exercise
0.06
Yes
28(63.6)
16(36.4)
No
76(47.5)
84(53.5)
Frequent intake of fruit & vegetables
0.21
Yes
81(53.6)
70(46.4)
No
23(43.4)
30(56.6)
Alcohol consumption
0.003
Yes
8(25.8)
23(74.2)
No
96(55.5)
77(44.5)
Family history of hypertension
0.39
Yes
44(55.0)
36(45.0)
No
60(48.4)
64(51.6)
Chi-square and Fisher exact test were performed to compare categorical variables. Independent t-test was used to compare continuous variables. P values of significant variables are in bold print. Pre-HTN; Prehypertension, defined by systolic BP of 120-139 mmHg, and/or diastolic BP of 80-89 mmHg.
