Effectiveness of Combined General Rehabilitation Gymnastics and Muscle Energy Techniques in Older Women with Chronic Low Back Pain

Figure 2

Comparison of functional parameters for various spinal segments in exercising and nonexercising women with normative values according to Lewandowski. (E: exercising group, C: controls, N: normative values for 25-year-old women, CAF: Cervical Anterior Flexion, CPF: Cervical Posterior Flexion, CRF: Cervical Right Flexion, CLF: Cervical Left Flexion, CRR: Cervical Right Rotation, CLR: Cervical Left Rotation, ThAF: Thoracic Anterior Flexion, ThPF: Thoracic Posterior Flexion, ThRF: Thoracic Right Flexion, ThLF - Thoracic Left Flexion, ThRR: Thoracic Right Rotation, ThLR: Thoracic Left Rotation, LAF: Lumbar Anterior Flexion, LPF: Lumbar Posterior Flexion, LRF: Lumbar Right Flexion, LLF: Lumbar Left Flexion, LRR: Lumbar Right Rotation, and LLR: Lumbar Left Rotation).