Cardiac Manifestations in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Clinical Correlates of Subclinical Echocardiographic Features

Table 1

Patients’ demographics and disease characteristics.

	Parameters	Total No=59
		No. (%)
Demographic	Age/ age at diagnosis (years) #	31.3±10.5 / 27.5± 10.1
	Female gender	51 (86.4%)
	Smoking	2 (3.4%)
	Disease duration (years) #	5.18 ± 4.1
Clinical profile	Systolic / Diastolic BP§	120/80 (110-130/70-90)
	(i) Systolic hypertension	3 (5.1%)
	(ii) Diastolic hypertension	21 (35.6%)
	NPSLE	18 (30.5%)
	(i) Seizures	2 (3.4%)
	(ii) Psychosis	2 (3.4%)
	(iii) Headache	11 (18.6%)
	(iv) Cognitive impairment	8 (13.6%)
	Retinal disease	2 (3.4%)
	RP	13 (22%)
	Avascular necrosis	3 (5.1%)
	Vasculitis	6 (10.2%)
	Serositis	7 (11.9%)
	(i) Pleurisy	4 (6.8%)
	(ii) Pleural effusion	2 (3.4%)
	(iii) Pericarditis	2 (3.4%)
	(iv) Pericardial effusion	8 (13.6%)
	Musculoskeletal	30 (50.8%)
	(i) Arthritis	20 (33.9%)
	(ii) Myositis/myalgia	12 (20.3%)
	Mucocutaneous disease	34 (57.6%)
	(i) Malar rash	29 (49.2%)
	(ii) Oral/nasal ulcers	30 (50.8%)
	(iii) Alopecia	16 (27.1%)
	MetS	21 (35.6%)
	Leukopenia	20 (33.9%)
	Thrombocytopenia	7 (11.9%)
	Renal disease	39 (66.1%)
	(i) Proteinuria (>500mg/ 24 h)	31 (52.5%)
	(ii) Casts	10 (16.9%)
	(iii) Hematuria (>5 cells/HPF)	6 (10.2%)
	(iv) Pyuria (>5 cells/HPF)	13 (22%)
	SLEDAI scores §	13 (8-20)
Laboratory profile	ESR ( hour) §	34 (20-73)
	Cholesterol (gm/dl) §	153 (131- 216)
	LDL (gm/dl) §	85 (63.5- 116.5)
	HDL (gm/dl) §	51 (37- 65)
	TG (gm/dl) §	95 (73.5- 150)
	SUA (gm/dl) §	4.1 (3.8- 5.2)
Therapeutic profile	MTX use	8 (13.6%)
	HCQ use	52 (88.1%)
	HCQ cumulative dose§	3400 (400-14400)
	AZA use	33 (55.9%)
	CS use	41 (69.5%)
	CS cumulative dose§	180 (20-720)
	CYC use	16 (27.1%)
	Statins use	3 (5.1%)
	LDA use	30 (50.8%)
	Anti- HTN use	24 (40.7%)
	Anti-coagulant use	12 (20.3%)

#, mean ± standard deviation; §, median (interquartile range); BP, blood pressure; RP, Raynaud’s phenomenon; NPSLE, neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus; MetS, metabolic syndrome; SLEDAI, systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index; s. cholest., serum cholesterol; LDL, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; SUA, serum uric acid; MTX, methotrexate; HCQ, hydroxychloroquine; AZA, azathioprine; CS, corticosteroids; CYC, cyclophosphamide; LDA, low dose aspirin; anti-HTN, anti-hypertensives.