Feasibility and Health Effects of a 15-Week Combined Exercise Programme for Sedentary Elderly: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Table 3
Between-group difference after 15 weeks of training.
TG
(n=30)
CG
(n=15)
Between-Group
Difference
Change
(95 CI)
Change
(95 CI)
(95 CI)
P- Value
Body composition
Weight (kg)
-1.1
(-2.0 to -0.2)
1.3
(-0.0 to 2.6)
-2.3
(-4.0 to -0.7)
0.006
Body Mass Index (kg/m2)
-0.5
(-0.8 to -0.1)
0.4
(-0.1 to 0.8)
-0.8
(-1.4 to -0.3)
0.004
Total muscle mass (kg)
0.4
(0.0 to 0.9)
0.5
(-0.2 to 1.2)
0.0
(-0.9 to 0.9)
0.974
Total fat percentage (%)
-1.4
(-2.1 to -0.7)
0.2
(-0.8 to 1.2)
-1.6
(-2.8 to -0.3)
0.014
Total fat mass (kg)
-1.4
(-2.2 to -0.5)
0.6
(-0.6 to 1.9)
-2.0
(-3.5 to -0.5)
0.010
Android fat mass (kg)
-0.2
(-0.3 to -0.1)
0.1
(-0.1 to 0.2)
-0.3
(-0.4 to -0.1)
0.003
Gynoid fat mass (kg)
-0.3
(-0.4 to -0.2)
0.0
(-0.2 to 0.3)
-0.3
(-0.6 to -0.1)
0.010
Total bone mineral density (g/cm2)
0.000
(-0.001 to 0.011)
0.012
(0.003 to 0.021)
-0.007
(-0.018 to 0.004)
0.220
Total bone mineral content (kg)
-0.004
(-0.068 to -0.012)
-0.030
(-0.071 to 0.010)
-0.009
(-0.060 to 0.042)
0.712
Aerobic Fitness
(mLO2/min)
15.5
(-75.3 to 106.4)
84.9
(-58.8 to 228.7)
-69.4
(-244.3 to 105.5)
0.423
(mL/min/kg)
0.7
(-0.4 to 1.8)
0.4
(-1.3 to 2.1)
0.3
(-1.8 to 2.3)
0.790
Resting heart rate (bpm)
1
(-1 to 3)
1
(-2 to 4)
0
(-3 to 4)
0.895
Blood pressure
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
-5
(-9 to -1)
-4
(-10 to 2)
-1
(-9 to 7)
0.752
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
-4
(-6 to -1)
-2
(-5 to 1)
-1
(-5 to 3)
0.522
Mean arterial blood pressure (mmHg)
-4
(-7 to -1)
-3
(-7 to 1)
-1
(-6 to 4)
0.597
Lipids
Total Cholesterol (mmol/L)
-0.2
(-0.4 to 0.1)
0.1
(-0.3 to 0.5)
-0.3
(-0.7 to 0.2)
0.254
HDL-Cholesterol (mmol/L)
0.0
(-0.1 to 0.1)
0.1
(0.0 to 0.2)
-0.1
(-0.2 to 0.0)
0.165
LDL-Cholesterol (mmol/L)
0.0
(-0.2 to 0.3)
0.3
(0.0 to 0.6)
-0.2
(-0.6 to 0.2)
0.264
Triglyceride (mmol/L)
-0.2
(-0.3 to 0.0)
-0.2
(-0.4 to 0.0)
0.0
(-0.3 to 0.3)
0.919
Total Chol/HDL ratio
-0.2
(-0.4 to 0.1)
0.0
(-0.3 to 0.3
-0.2
(-0.6 to 0.2)
0.404
Glycemic control
Fasting insulin (pmol/L)
-27.7
(-38.4 to -17.0)
-34.5
(-49.1 to -19.9)
6.8
(-11.4 to 25.0)
0.451
HbA1c %
0.1
(0.0 to 0.1)
0.0
(0.0 to 0.1)
0.0
(-0.1 to 0.1)
0.810
CRP (mg/L)
-0.4
(-1.2 to 0.3)
-0.6
(-1.6 to 0.4)
0.2
(-1.1 to 1.4)
0.794
eAG (mmol/L)
0.1
(0.0 to 0.2)
0.1
(0.0 to 0.2)
0.0
(-0.1 to 0.2)
0.669
Bone markers
Osteocalcin (µg/L)
1.5
(-0.4 to 3.5)
0.1
(-2.5 to 2.7)
1.4
(-1.8 to 4.7)
0.379
P1NP (µg/L)
11.5
(5.1 to 18.0)
1.4
(-7.2 to 10.0)
10.1
(-0.7 to 20.9)
0.066
CTX-1 (µg/L)
-0.0
(-0.1 to 0.1)
0.0
(-0.1 to 0.1)
0.0
(-0.1 to 0.1)
0.705
Sclerostin (ng/mL)
0.05
(-0.0 to 0.1)
0.03
(-0.1 to 0.1)
0.02
(-0.1 to 0.1)
0.696
TG: training group. CG: control group. Within-group data are presented as mean change (95% CI) and between-group data as estimated mean difference (95% CI). denotes significant between-group effect (P<0.05)(P<0.01).
