Automatic Detection of Hard Exudates in Color Retinal Images Using Dynamic Threshold and SVM Classification: Algorithm Development and Evaluation

Figure 11

Example of pixel-level validation from three example images. (a1, b1, c1) Exudates regions cropped from the original retinal fundus image. (a2, b2, c2) The ground truth images in e-ophtha EX dataset. (a3, b3, c3) The segmented results with our algorithm. (a4, b4, c4) The results of pixel-level validation. The green, blue, red, and black pixels are the TP, FN, and FP, and TN pixels, respectively.