| | Characteristics | All participants | | Osteoporosis | Control group | P-value |
| | Age (years, n, %) | | | 1.000 | | 50-54 | 12,797 (18.7) | 12,797 (18.7) | | | 55-59 | 12,491 (18.2) | 12,491 (18.2) | | | 60-64 | 12,531 (18.3) | 12,531 (18.3) | | | 65-69 | 11,070 (16.2) | 11,070 (16.2) | | | 70-74 | 8,496 (12.4) | 8,496 (12.4) | | | 75-79 | 5,845 (8.5) | 5,845 (8.5) | | | 80-84 | 3,290 (4.8) | 3,290 (4.8) | | | 85+ | 1,972 (2.9) | 1,972 (2.9) | | | Sex (n, %) | | | 1.000 | | Male | 9,740 (14.2) | 9,740 (14.2) | | | Female | 58,752 (85.8) | 58,752 (85.8) | | | Income (n, %) | | | 1.000 | | 1 (lowest) | 13,565 (19.8) | 13,565 (19.8) | | | 2 | 9,175 (13.4) | 9,175 (13.4) | | | 3 | 10,730 (15.7) | 10,730 (15.7) | | | 4 | 14,309 (20.9) | 14,309 (20.9) | | | 5 (highest) | 20,713 (30.2) | 20,713 (30.2) | | | Region of residence (n, %) | | | 1.000 | | Urban | 30,087 (43.9) | 30,087 (43.9) | | | Rural | 38,405 (56.1) | 38,405 (56.1) | | | CCI (score, n, %) | | | <0.001 | | 0 | 15,450 (22.6) | 24,544 (35.8) | | | 1 | 3,500 (5.1) | 4,397 (6.4) | | | 2 | 6,880 (10.0) | 6,951 (10.2) | | | 3 | 8,986 (13.1) | 8,021 (11.7) | | | 4 | 9,294 (13.6) | 7,449 (10.9) | | | 5 | 7,969 (11.6) | 5,876 (8.6) | | | ≥ 6 | 16,413 (24.0) | 11,254 (16.4) | | | Total days of steroids used (mean, SD) | 107.8 (330.9) | 57.9 (176.3) | <0.001† | | Herpes zoster (n, %) | 3,487 (5.1) | 2,738 (4.0) | <0.001 |
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