Statins for the Primary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease

Table 1

The characteristics of the included studies.

Study	Participants	Sample (T/C)	Gender (M: F) (T/C)	Age, mean (SD) (T/C)	Intervention (T/C)	Duration	Outcomes
Amarenco et al., 2006 [25]	TIA or stroke	2365/2366	1427:938/1396:970	63.0±0.2/62.5±0.2	Atorvastatin (80 mg/d)/Placebo	4.9 years	②⑤⑦⑧⑨⑩⑪
Chan et al., 2010 [26]	Aortic stenosis	134/135	81:53/85:50	58.0±12.9/57.9±14.3	Rosuvastatin (40 mg/d)/Placebo	3.5 years	①④⑥⑦⑪
Colhoun et al., 2004 [27]	Type 2 diabetes	1428/1410	972:456/957:453	61.5±8.3/61.8±8.0	Atorvastatin (10 mg/d)/Placebo	3.9 years	①②③⑥⑧⑩
Downs et al., 1998 [28]	Dyslipidaemia	3304/3301	2805:499/2803:498	58±7/58±7	Lovastatin (20-40 mg/d)/Placebo	5.2 years	①④⑤⑥⑦⑧⑨⑪
Fonseca et al., 2009 [29]	LDL-C<130 mg/dL and; hsCRP≥2.0 mg/L	8901/8901	5475:3426/5526:3375	66.0/66.0	Rosuvastatin (20 mg/d)/Placebo	1.9 years	①②④⑩
Furberg et al., 1994 [30]	Carotid atherosclerosis and; Dyslipidaemia	460/459	241:219/232:227	61.80/61.65	Lovastatin (20-40 mg/d)/Placebo	33-month	②⑦
Han et al., 2017 [31]	Hypertension	1467/1400	763:704/689:711	71.3±5.2/71.2±5.2	Pravastatin sodium (40 mg/d)/UC	4.8 years	⑦⑨⑩⑪
Huang et al., 2012 [32]	High level of Hs-CRP	85/84	35:50/36:48	58±4/59±5	Rosuvastatin (5 mg/d)/Placebo	1-year	①②
Mercuri et al., 1996 [33]	Carotid intima thickening and hypercholesterolemia	151/154	85:66/79:75	54.9±5.99/55.1±6.00	Pravastatin (40 mg/d)/Placebo	3 years	②③
Mok et al., 2009 [34]	Asymptomatic middle cerebral artery stenosis	113/114	74:153	63.0±14.0	Simvastatin (20 mg/d)/ Placebo	2 years	⑤⑩
MRC/BHF, 2002 [35]	Diabetes and cerebrovascular disease	3575/3575	Unclear	Unclear	Simvastatin (40 mg/d)/Placebo	5 years	⑤
Nakamura et al., 2006 [36]	Hypercholesterolemia	3866/3966	1528:2338/1248:2718	58.2±7.3/58.4±7.2	Pravastatin (10-20 mg/d) +Diet/Diet	5.3 years	①②③④⑤⑥⑧⑨⑩⑪
Sever et al., 2003 [37]	Hypertension	5168/5137	4189:979/4174:963	63.1±8.5/63.2±8.2	Atorvastatin (10 mg/d)/Placebo	3.3 years	①⑤⑧⑨⑩⑪
Shepherd et al., 1995 [38]	Hypercholesterolemia	3302/3293	All the men	55.3±5.5/55.1±5.5	Pravastatin (40 mg/d)/Placebo	4.9 years	②⑥⑦⑨⑩⑪
Zhai et al., 2009 [39]	TIA	220/239	158:62/169:70	63.2±12.4	Atorvastatin (60 mg/d) + UC/UC	1-year	⑤⑩
Zhang et al., 2016 [40]	Hypertension	43/43	51:35	58.62 ±3.05	Atorvastatin (20 mg/d) + UC/UC	1-year	④⑤

Note: TIA: transient ischaemic attack; LDL-C: low density lipoprotein-cholesterol; hsCRP: hypersensitive C-reactive protein; UC: usual care; ①angina; ②nonfatal MI; ③fatal MI; ④any MI; ⑤coronary heart disease; ⑥coronary revascularization; ⑦CHD deaths; ⑧any cardiovascular event; ⑨CVD deaths; ⑩all-cause mortality; ⑪adverse reactions.