Nanoenabled Bioseparations: Current Developments and Future Prospects

Table 1

Summary of reported studies on the use of functionalized MNPs in the separation of different biomolecules.

Targeted Biomolecules	Core (matrix)	Functionalization	Conditions of separation	Type of interaction	Separation Indicator	Reference
SH-SY5Y cell	Fe3O4	PAA; PEI	(i) 16 h; (ii) 72 h	Electrostatic	27% PAA-MNPs; 54% PEI-MNPs; 58% PAA-MNPs; 100% PEI-MNPs	[29]
Lysozyme	Fe3O4/silica; Fe3O4/silica	-; Polyacrylic acid	-	Electrostatic; Electrostatic	127 mg/g; 22 times higher	[30]
BSA	Silica coated MNPs	Alkyl chains	-	Hydrophobic	-	[31]
Trypsin	Fe3O4	Carboxylic acid groups	-	Affinity	36mg/g	[33]
Poly Histidine tagged proteins (His-tag protein)	Fe3O4	Nickel/silicate shell	(i) Phosphate buffer saline (PBS); (ii) 4°C	Affinity	97.28%	[34]
His-tag protein	Fe2O3-DA	(i) Nitrilo acetic acid (NTA)/Nickel	(i) 0.5 M NaCl; (ii) 2% SDS; (iii) pH 7.9	Affinity	-	[35]
His-tagged green fluorescent protein (GFP)	Fe3O4/PAM	NTA-Ni^2+	Imidazole eluent (pH=8.0, 20 mM PBS, 500 mM NaCl, 250 mM and 500 mM imidazole)	Affinity	93.37%	[36]
Streptavidin protein	Silica NPs (2nm)	(i) Mutiple layers of Fe3O4.; (ii) Extra layer of silica; (iii) Bio-conjugation: Biotin	PBS	Affinity	70-90%	[37]
Salmon sperm DNA	Fe3O4	Mesoporous silica	(i) pH: 7.4; (ii) High salt concentration (chaotropic conditions)	Electrostatic	(i) Recovery: 100% from the surface of the nanocomposite; (ii) < 10% from the magnetite core	[41]
CD3^+ T-cells from spleen	Fe3O4	Anti-CD 3 monoclonal antibody	Phosphate buffer saline (PBS); - 4°C	Affinity	98.4 %	[48]