Multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Colonization in Healthy Adults Is more Common in Bhutanese Refugees in Nepal than Those Resettled in Ohio

Table 3

Exposure variables in association with S. aureus colonization in Nepal.

Variables (n=100)	SA+ (%)	SA – (%)	P-value
Gender
Female	34 (47.9)	37 (52.1)	0.27
Male	10 (34.5)	19 (65.5)
Religion
Kirat	37 (46.9)	42 (53.1)	0.32
Others	7 (33.3)	14 (66.7)
Education
Formal Education	27 (45)	33 (55)	0.83
No formal Education	17 (42.5)	23 (57.5)
Marital status
Married	36 (41.9)	50 (58.1)	0.38
Others	8 (57.1)	6 (42.9)
Family size
≤5 members	26 (46.4)	30 (53.6)	0.68
>5 members	18 (41.0)	26 (59.0)
Daycare
Yes	11 (47.8)	12 (52.8)	0.81
No	33 (42.9)	44 (57.1)
Nearest farm
< 50meter	24 (41.4)	34 (58.6)	0.54
≥50meters	20 (47.6)	22 (52.4)
Hand wash frequency
After each work	39 (46.4)	45 (53.6)	0.28
Before meal	5 (31.2)	11 (68.8)
Skin infections (within 6 months)
Yes	16 (51.6)	15 (48.4)	0.38
No	28 (40.6)	41 (59.4)
Autoimmune disease (within 6 months)
Yes	9 (60.0)	6 (40.0)	0.17
No	34 (41.0)	49 (59.0)
Ear Infection(within 6 months)
Yes	13 (39.0)	20 (61.0)	0.51
No	31 (46.0)	36 (54.0)
Antibiotics use (within 6 months)
Yes	8 (32.0)	17 (68.0)	0.16
No	36 (48.0)	39 (52.0)
Skin disease (within 6 months)
Yes	16 (51.6)	15 (48.4)	0.30
No	28 (40.6)	41 (59.4)
Hospital admission(within 6 months)
Yes	3 (30.0)	7 (70.0)	0.34
No	41 (45.6)	49 (54.4)
Hospital visits (within 6 months)
Yes	4 (25.0)	12 (75.0)	0.09
No	40 (47.6)	44 (52.4)
Volunteers in health Institution
Yes	12 (42.9)	16 (57.1)	0.88
No	32 (44.4)	40 (55.6)
Pork handle (within 6 months)
Yes	7 (31.8)	15 (68.2)	0.19
No	37 (47.4)	41 (52.6)
Poultry handle (within 6 months)
Yes	24 (40.0)	36 (60.0)	0.32
No	20 (50.0)	20 (50.0)