Clinical Study

Early Recovery of Exercise-Related Muscular Injury by HBOT

Table 3

Comparative outcomes of pain intensity and pain interference.

VariableHBOT GroupControl GroupP-value1
(n=20)(n=21)
Mean ± SDMean ± SD

Pain at its worst in the last week
T14.9 ± 1.53.95 ± 2.20.173
T32.4 ± 1.64.0 ± 1.80.002
 P-value20.0050.640
Pain at its least in the last week
T14.3 ± 1.53.5 ± 2.00.135
T31.5 ± 1.73.3 ± 1.80.002
 P-value2<0.0010.688
Pain on average in the last week
T14.6 ± 1.53.5 ± 1.90.119
T31.8 ± 1.63.5 ± 1.60.001
 P-value2<0.0010.909
Pain right now
T14.6 ± 1.63.7 ± 2.00.160
T31.40 ± 1.73.3 ± 1.80.001
 P-value2<0.0010.346
Pain interference in the last week (1)
General activity
T11.9 ± 1.02.2 ± 2.40.566
T30.8 ± 1.62.1 ± 2.40.040
 P-value20.0050.653
Pain interference in the last week (2) Mood
T12.7 ± 1.12.1 ± 1.90.171
T31.1 ± 1.63.6 ± 1.8<0.001
 P-value2<0.0010.001
Pain interference in the last week (3) Walking ability
T11.2 ± 0.91.3 ± 1.80.476
T30.7 ± 1.61.2 ± 2.00.580
 P-value20.0050.653
Pain interference in the last week (4)
Normal work continued
T11.4 ± 0.91.3 ± 1.70.302
T30.8 ± 1.31.4 ± 1.70.254
 P-value2<0.0010.001
Pain interference in the last week (5)
Relations with other people
T11.8 ± 0.81.5 ± 1.60.221
T30.7 ± 1.42.2 ± 1.5<0.001
 P-value20.1610.847
Pain interference in the last week (6)
Sleep
T12.2 ± 0.91.7 ± 1.50.142
T31.3 ± 1.63.2 ± 1.4<0.001
 P-value20.0310.001
Pain interference in the last week (7)
Enjoyment of life
T12.0 ± 0.81.7 ± 1.90.289
T31.1 ± 1.63.0 ± 1.5<0.001
 P-value20.0050.653

Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare 2 groups
Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) model was used to compare T1-T3
P-value1: Comparison of data between HBOT group and Control group
P-value2: Comparison of data between T1 and T3.