Review Article

Elevated Prevalence of Abnormal Glucose Metabolism and Other Endocrine Disorders in Patients with -Thalassemia Major: A Meta-Analysis

Table 1

Baseline of included studies.

No.NameYearCountryNumberAgeAge at diagnosis of AGMIndicatorsQualitySerum ferritin

1El-Hazmi MA1994Arabia50<15NRDM, IGT5NR
2Group IW1995Italy18611-40NRDM, EnD5NR
3Jensen CE1997UK97NRNREnD5NR
4Arrigo T1998Italy2917-42NRDM5NR
5Borgna-Pignatti C1998Italy1146NRNRDM5NR
6Theodoridis C1998Greece1437-29NREnD4NR
7Labropoulou-Karatza C1999Greece4416-68(26.8±9)NRDM52819±2450 ng/mL
8Cario H2000Germany1571-37.5NRIGT4NR
9Chern JP2001Taiwan, China8214.8±6.917.4(7-24)IGT43701.3±2530.7 ug/L
10Li CK2002HK, China2321.4-30.3NRDM55140(468-48490 pmoL/L)
11Borgna-Pignatti C2004Italy720NR7m(1d-3y)DM5NR
12Kattamis C2004Greece26311-14NRDM, IGT5NR
13De Sanctis V2004Italy3817NRNRDM, EnD, IFG5NR
14Khalifa AS2004Egypt4810-31(15.9±5.7)16.8±4.5(11-23)DM, IGT53648±2219 ug/L
15Mowla A2004Iran988-32(15.9±4)NRDM5NR
16Fung EB2006USA14125.8±8.1NRDM53601±2351 ug/L
17Suvarna J2006India308-15NRDM57623±2381 ng/mL
18Mehrvar A2008Iran43734.7±1.4NRDM4NR
19Jaruratanasirikul S2008Thailand4813.6±3.911-16DM, IGT45206±3291 ug/L
20Kidson-Gerber GL2008Australia44over 18NRDM4NR
21Gamberini MR2008Italy27313.9±1.4NRDM5NR
22Mula-Abed WA2008Oman3016-32(21.23±3.42)17.6±2.1(15-21)DM, EnD55647±3363 ug/L
23Najafipour F2008Iran5615.62±4.4419.8±4.3DM, IGT, IFG52888±948 ug/dL
24Thuret I2010France2150.6-61.2NRDM51240(89-7893) ng/mL
25Farmaki K2011Greece1520-45(35±4.5)NRIGT, EnD4NR
26Bazrgar M2011Iran55513.8±5.4NRDM5NR
27Lobo C2011Brazil96028.5±19.8NREnD52000(405-15874) mcg/L
28Kurtoglu AU2012Turkey7018.66±6.48NRDM, IGT52350±450 ng/mL
29Belhoul KM2013Arab38215.4±7.618±3.7DM, EnD52597.2±1976.8 ng/L
30Mokhtar GM2013Egypt4470.9-35(14.2±7.7)NREnD51817±1399 ng/mL
31Canatan D2013Turkey24615.3±8.6NRDM54297.2±2122.5 ng/mL
32Mohseni F2014Iran305-19(14±4.4)NRIFG5NR
33Casale M2014Italy865-49(23.06±12.6)NRDM5NR
34Gozashti MH2014Iran300NRNREnD5NR
35Metwalley KA2014Egypt606-1815.6±1.2DM, IGT53011±2101 mg/L
36Chen YG2015Taiwan, China153738.2±14.1NRDM5NR
37Al-Akhras A2016Egypt10012-18(14.2±1.37)NRDM53577.5±1826 mg/L
38Sharma R2016India8913.6±2.5NRDM, EnD, IFG56667±3294 pmoL/L
39Altincik A2016Egypt4512-18(14.2±1.37)NRDM, IGT, IFG5NR
40Mashhadi MA2017Iran16317.80±5.27NRDM54563.50±2849.30 ng/mL
41Liang Y2017China2677.9±0.2NRDM, IFG54476±158 ug/L
42Wu HP2017Taiwan, China4540.1-48NRDM5NR
43Gomber S2018India677.43±4.48NRDM, IGT, IFG5NR
44Teawtrakul N2018Thailand9119.5±10NRDM5NR

NR: not reported; DM: diabetes mellitus; IFG: impaired fasting glucose; IGT: impaired glucose tolerance; AGM: abnormal glucose metabolism.