Elevated Prevalence of Abnormal Glucose Metabolism and Other Endocrine Disorders in Patients with -Thalassemia Major: A Meta-Analysis

Table 3

Prevalence of abnormal glucose metabolism and other endocrine disorders in β-thalassemia major (%).

Year	DM	IFG	IGT	EnD
1994	6.00(0.00-12.96)	NR	2.00(0.00-6.68)	NR
1995	5.00(4.01-5.99)	NR	NR	49.01(46.74-51.28)
1997	NR	NR	NR	65.98(56.61-75.35)
1998	7.09(0.51-13.67)	NR	NR	28.67(24.28-33.06)
1999	11.36(1.81-20.92)	NR	14.14(9.27-19.01)	NR
2000	NR	NR	14.01(8.57-19.46)	NR
2001	NR	NR	8.54(2.37-14.72)	NR
2002	8.62(4.99-12.26)	NR	NR	NR
2004	4.01(1.63-6.39)	6.50(5.72-7.28)	18.15(9.99-26.32)	40.57(38.73-42.40)
2006	6.30(0-18.82)	NR	NR	NR
2008	7.89(4.63-11.14)	28.57(16.84-40.31)	7.65(2.35-12.95)	73.33(57.73-88.94)
2010	6.05(2.82-9.28)	NR	NR	NR
2011	7.93(5.68-10.19)	NR	NR	27.50(24.68-30.33)
2012	10.39(7.57-13.23)	NR	7.14(0.91-13.37)	31.94(27.27-36.61)
2013	3.66(1.26-6.07)	NR	NR	44.74(40.14-49.35)
2014	4.79(1.14-8.44)	26.67(11.06-42.27)	8.33(1.14-15.53)	36.67(31.23-42.12)
2015	7.03(5.75-8.31)	NR	NR	NR
2016	6.54(1.87-11.22)	11.00(5.63-16.37)	4.44(0-11.03)	55.06(44.81-65.32)
2017	10.87(0-23.28)	29.96(24.47-35.45)	NR	NR
2018	2.30(0-4.93)	11.94(4.08-19.79)	10.45(3.01-17.89)	NR

DM: diabetes mellitus; IFG: impaired fasting glucose; IGT: impaired glucose tolerance; EnD: endocrine disorders; NR: not reported.