Research Article

The Prevalence and Health Impacts of Frequent Work Discrimination and Harassment among Women Firefighters in the US Fire Service

Table 3

Odds Ratios and Confidence Intervals.

Work Discrimination & Harassment Severity (CWDH-A)
Low SeverityMedium SeverityHigh Severity
(Referent Group)
VariableOR (CI)OR (CI)

Discrimination & Harassment
 Verbal Harassment-3.49 (2.58 to 4.70)14.20 (10.54 to 19.13)
 Written Harassment-2.70 (1.64 to 4.44)8.30 (5.26 to 13.10)
 Hazing-3.37 (2.09 to 5.44)12.41 (7.97 to 19.32)
 Sexual Advances-2.57 (1.97 to 3.37)6.00 (4.61 to 7.82)
 Assault-5.38 (2.04 to 14.15)13.13 (5.23 to 32.96)

Physical Health
 Poor Health Days-1.03 (0.96 to 1.10)1.42 (1.33 to 1.51)
 Injury Risk-1.35 (1.07 to 1.71)2.21 (1.75 to 2.78)

Mental Health
 Depression-1.74 (1.29 to 2.34)4.20 (3.25 to 5.67)
 PTSD-1.25 (0.81 to 1.93)2.67 (1.82 to 3.93)

Health Behaviors
 Alcohol (CAGE)-1.47 (1.04 to 2.07)1.54 (1.09 to 2.17)
 Driving Intoxicated-2.71 (1.33 to 5.50)2.10 (0.98 to 4.32)Ɨ

Job Outcomes
 Work-related stress-1.52 (1.14 to 2.03)3.36 (2.57 to 4.40)
 Stress-Interfering-1.74 (0.63 to 4.83)6.79 (2.85 to 16.19)
 Optimism-0.55 (0.41 to 0.72)0.23 (0.18 to 0.30)
 Satisfaction-0.48 (0.35 to 0.67)0.18 (0.13 to 0.25)
 Recommend FF-0.57 (0.43 to 0.75)0.31 (0.24 to 0.41)
 Happy with Career-0.43 (0.31 to 0.60)0.19 (0.14 to 0.25)
 Happy rest of career-0.65 (0.42 to 0.99)0.38 (0.26 to 0.57)

Family Well-Being
 Stress on Family-1.69 (1.33 to 2.15)2.91 (2.30 to 3.70)

Note: Odds Ratios given with confidence interval. Logistic Regression, Poisson Model. Statistically significant (p<0.001); Statistically significant (p<0.05); Statistically significant difference between medium and high severity groups.