Interactions between Intestinal Microflora/Probiotics and the Immune System

Table 3

The immunomodulatory effects of probiotics.

Literature (PMID)	Probiotic strains	Mechanism and immunologic effects
15940144, 11751960	Lactobacillus reuteri	Promote IL-10 secretion by Treg cells
	Lactobacillus casei
17521319, 16297146	Bifidobacterium bifidum	Promote IL-10 secretion by mature DCs
15585777	Lactobacillus rhamnosus	Inhibit T-cell proliferation
		Decrease IL-2 and IL-4 secretion by mature DCs
15654823	Bifidobacterium longum	Promote IL-10 secretion by DCs
21740462	E. coli strain, Nissle 1917	Increase FoxP3+ Treg cells
19300508, 18804867	Lactobacillus casei, DN-114 001	Increase FoxP3+ Treg cells
		Promote IL-10 and TGF-β secretion
18670628	Bifidobacterium infantis 35, 624	Increase FoxP3+ Treg cells
		Inhibit TNF-α and IL-6 secretion
19029003	Lactobacillus reuteri (ATCC 23272)	Increase FoxP3+ Treg cells
16522473	Bifidobacterium breve	Activate TLR2 and promote maturation of DCs
		Increase IL-10 secretion