Antibacterial Effect of Curcumin against Clinically Isolated Porphyromonas gingivalis and Connective Tissue Reactions to Curcumin Gel in the Subcutaneous Tissue of Rats

Figure 4

Cutaneous wound healing at seven days. (a–d) Negative control group showing incompletely closed wound covered by the scab and necrotic debris with marked PMNL infiltration (black arrowheads), loss of the matrix, the presence of disorganized collagen fibers (yellow arrows), and proliferating fibroblasts (red arrow). (e–h) Tetracycline group showing a clear line of demarcation (black dashed line), composed of fibrin and PMNLs bridging the whole incision. There is PMNL infiltration in the dermis near the incised wound with the proliferating fibroblasts (yellow arrows) and newly formed unorganized collagen formation (black arrowheads). (i–l) Curcumin group showing the wound completely closed by the scab with the presence of the necrotic debris on the surface and mild-moderate degree PMNL infiltration forming a band between the dermis and the wound, with excessive amount of newly formed collagen fibers (black arrowhead), new capillaries (red arrowheads), and proliferating fibroblasts (yellow arrowheads) (H&E stain, x100 and x200).

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