Manganese-Doped Cerium Oxide Nanocomposite Induced Photodynamic Therapy in MCF-7 Cancer Cells and Antibacterial Activity

Figure 12

(a) Normal metabolic process of MCF-7 cells with healthy plasma membrane and the control endocytosis process without Mn-doped cerium oxide accumulation. (b) MCF-7 cells death process via the apoptotic effect when treated with Mn-doped cerium oxide (9%). MCF-7 cell death occurred due to programmable cell death via plasma membrane damaging and nuclear fragmentation.

(a)

(b)