The Accuracy of 3D Printing Assistance in the Spinal Deformity Surgery

Figure 1

(a) The trajectory, diameter, and length of the pedicle screws are planned on the Avizo software. (b) The drill template is designed on Geomagic Design X software based on the profiles of pedicle screw and the anatomic traits of a certain level. (c) The drill template is composed of three parts, namely, the foot template (arrowhead), drilling cannula (asterisk), and connecting bar (arrow). (d) Finished products of 3D printing technology in this study, including the drill template and the 3D spine model. (e and f) The surgeon uses a power drill (arrow) to create a pilot hole on the full-scale spine model during the simulation surgery. The trajectory is guided by the drilling cannula (asterisk) of the drill template, and the route can be directly visible (arrowhead). (g) The drill template is mounted on the patient’s spine.