The Level of Vitamin D in Children and Adolescents with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Meta-Analysis

Table 3

Main characteristics of studies on the association between vitamin D and NAFLD, ordered by year of publication.

Study; (authors-year)	Country	Race/; ethnicity	Study type	Health status; (Case)	setting	Method of NAFLD ascertainment	BMI in NAFLD; (mean±SD)	BMI in controls; (mean±SD)
Sezer et al. (2016) [17]	Turkey	Turkish	Cross-sectional	Hepatosteatosis	outpatient	ultrasound	28.7±4.3	27.3±3.3
Mohamed et al. (2016) [26]	Egypt	Egyptian	Cross-sectional	NAFLD	outpatient	ultrasound	NR	NR
Malespin et al. (2015) [27]	USA	Chinese	Cross-sectional	Suspected NAFLD	NR	Elevated ALT	NR	NR
Chang et al. (2015) [23]	Korea	Korean	Case control	SS and NASH	outpatient	UPLC-; MS/MS	25.89±4.13	23.7±2.63
Yildiz et al. (2014) [24]	Turkey	Turkish	Case control	Hepatosteatosis	Pediatrics clinic	ultrasound	30.9±3.9	29.3±4.4
Black et al. (2014) [28]	Australia	Caucasian; Non-Caucasian	Cross-sectional	NAFLD	General population	ultrasound	27.0±7.4	22.0±3.0
Nobili et al. (2014) [29]	Italy	Caucasian	Cross-sectional	NAFLD	Liver biopsy	ultrasound	31.3±4.37	NR
Pirgon et al. (2013) [25]	Turkey	Turkish	Case control	NAFLD	Inpatient	ultrasound	28.7±4.7	28.4±3.6

SS: simple steatosis; NASH: nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; NAFLD: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; BMI was measured in kg/m²; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; UPLC-MS/MS: ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.