Review Article

Biologics in the Treatment of Lupus Erythematosus: A Critical Literature Review

Figure 1

Targets for biological therapies in systemic lupus erythematosus (modified from [14]). APRIL: a proliferation-inducing ligand; BAFF: B cell-activating factor belonging to the TNF family; BAFF-R: BAFF receptor; BCMA: B cell maturation antigen; CD40L: CD40 ligand; CTLA4: cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated protein 4; IFNα: interferon alpha; IL6-R: interleukin 6 receptor; mbBAFF: membrane-bound BAFF; mDC: myeloid dendritic cell; pDC: plasmacytoid dendritic cell; TACI: transmembrane activator-1 and calcium modulator and cyclophilin ligand interactor.