The Role of Antegrade Irrigation via Percutaneous Nephrostomy on Surgical Outcomes in Semirigid Ureteroscopy among Patients with Upper Ureteral Stones

Figure 2

Pressure drop (renal pelvis pressure) measurement during ureteroscopic lithotripsy with antegrade irrigation. Once the stone was fragmented, antegrade irrigation was initiated via percutaneous nephrostomy tube while simultaneously removing the retrograde irrigation line from a water channel of the ureteroscope. At this time, pressure drop could be measured by subtracting (B) from (A). PCN, percutaneous nephrostomy; URS, ureteroscope.