The Role of Antegrade Irrigation via Percutaneous Nephrostomy on Surgical Outcomes in Semirigid Ureteroscopy among Patients with Upper Ureteral Stones

Table 2

Main surgical outcomes.

	Retrograde (n=89)	Antegrade (n=45)	p value
Operative time (min)	60.82 ± 32.29	42.96 ± 26.99	0.002
Postoperative hospital stay (days)	1.67 ± 1.78	2.87 ± 4.65	0.299
Stone-free (yes/no)	73/16	43/2	0.033
UTI (yes/no)	5/84	5/40	0.303
Steinstrasse (yes/no)	3/86	0/45	NA

Data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation or number of relevant cases.
UTI: urinary tract infection.
Student’s t-test.
Mann-Whitney U test.
Chi-square test.
Fisher’s exact test.