The Role of Antegrade Irrigation via Percutaneous Nephrostomy on Surgical Outcomes in Semirigid Ureteroscopy among Patients with Upper Ureteral Stones

Table 4

UTI risk evaluation with pre- and perioperative data.

	With UTI	With UTI	p value
	Yes	No	(OR, 95 % confidence interval)
Antegrade irrigation	5/45	6/89	0.506 (1.72, 0.498–6.007)
Preoperative pyuria	8/53	3/81	0.025 (4.62, 1.167–18.312)
Preoperative nitrituria	3/8	8/126	0.019 (8.85, 1.789–48.855)
Perioperative bacteriuria	7/24	4/110	0.001 (10.91, 2.883–41.296)
Sex (male)	8/79	3/55	0.524 (1.95, 0.494–7.719)
Underlying DM	1/41	10/93	0.172 (0.208, 0.026–1.678)
Previous ESWL	4/38	7/96	0.506 (1.496, 0.412–5.436)
	UTI +	UTI –	p value
	(n=11)	(n=123)	(95 % confidence interval)
Age (years)	58.45 ± 15.61	55.57 ± 15.09	0.547 (-12.296–6.542)
Operation time (min)	55.91 ± 30.07	54.72 ± 31.92	0.903 (-21.890–19.518)

UTI, urinary tract infection; OR, odds ratio; DM, diabetes mellitus; ESWL, extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy.
Fisher’s exact test.
Student’s t-test.