Cigarette Smoke Extract Exposure: Effects on the Interactions between Titanium Surface and Osteoblasts

Figure 1

Schematic representation of the CSE-generating machine. CSE was freshly prepared by bubbling the smoke drawn from a commercially available cigarette through 10 mL prewarmed (37°C) cell culture medium. The cigarette was smoked at a rate of 50 mL over a period of 2 s, followed by a 28 s pause.