Three-Dimensional Human Gait Pattern: Reference Data for Young, Active Women Walking with Low, Preferred, and High Speeds
Table 3
Spatiotemporal gait variables: mean value, peak positive and negative values (Peak+, Peak-), and range of motion (ROM) for averaged right and left lower extremities and for the low (LWS), preferred (PWS), and high (HWS) walking speeds.
LWS
PWS
HWS
Mean
Peak+
Peak-
ROM
Mean
Peak+
Peak-
ROM
Mean
Peak+
Peak-
ROM
Pelvic obliquity
0.1
5.1#
-4.7#
9.5∗#
0.2
5.9
-5.4
11.3
0.1
6.6
-6.2
12.9
Pelvic tilt
5.6∗#
6.4#
4.8
1.1
6.2
6.8∗
5.4
1.8
6.4
7.3
5.5
1.6
Pelvic rotation
-0.6
6.0#
-7.2#
12.9∗#
-0.6
7.4∗
-8.8
15.9∗
-0.7
9.0
-10.8
19.3
Hip ab-adduction
0.8
8.3∗#
-6.7#
15.3#
0.6∗
9.4
-7.7∗
17.0
0.2
10.2
-8.9
19.5
Hip flexion-extension
11.4#
31.4
-12.3#
43.8#
13.1
33.3
-13.0
46.4
13.7
34.8
-15.6
50.2
Hip rotation
5.6∗#
13.3
-1.8
15.1
4.8
13.6
-2.0
15.8
4.2
13.7
-2.2
15.9
Knee flexion-extension
19.1∗#
60.3
1.6
58.4#
21.7
61.5
1.4∗
59.6∗
23.1
61.8
0.7
61.3
Ankle dorsi-plantarflexion
2.8
15.7#
-17.8∗#
33.6
2.2
14.5
-19.3
33.8
2.4
13.9
-19.2
32.8
Foot progression
-9.3
-2.1
-15.0
12.7
-9.3
-2.8
-14.3
11.2
-10.0
-3.2
-15.3
11.8
∗Significant difference between LWS and PWS or between PWS and HWS, Bonferroni, p<0,05 #Significant difference between LWS and HWS, Bonferroni, p<0,05.
