Review on Acoustic Droplet Vaporization in Ultrasound Diagnostics and Therapeutics

Table 2

Vaporization pressure and frequency range corresponding to common cavitation types in acoustic droplet vaporization.

Cavitation type	Vaporization frequency	Vaporization pressure	Imaging frequency	Application	Study
Stable	5 MHz	3.5 MPa	2.5 MHz (acoustic characterization)	Bubble activation	Reznik et al. [48]
	5 MHz	2.5-4 MPa	NA	Capsule design; Diagnostics	Martz et al. [27]
	7.5 MHz	Depends on droplet size	7.5 MHz	Bubble activation	Li et al. [37]
	7.5 MHz	Depends on droplet size	NA	Bubble activation	Miles et al. [38]
	7.5 MHz	1.6 MPa	NA	DIagnostics; Theranostics	Jin et al. [7]
	8 MHz	500 kPa	4.5 MHz	Bubble activation; Diagnostics	Doinikov et al. [39]
	8 MHz	3.39 MPa	4.5 MHz	Diagnostics; Drug delivery	Lin et al. [8]
	8 MHz	4.81 MPa	1 MHz (passive recording)	Bubble activation	Lin et al. [40]
	8 MHz	2.5 MPa (for OFP), 3.7-4.2 MPa (for DFB)	7 MHz; 14MHz	Diagnostics	Lin et al. [58]
	8 MHz	3.1 MPa	NA	Diagnostics	Paul S. Sheeran et al. [33]
	9 MHz	3.7-8.7 MPa (for DFB), 3.1-7.4 MPa (for OFP)	4.5 MHz	Bubble activation; Diagnostics	Puett et al. [42]
Inertial	1 MHz	4.41 MPa	NA	Drug delivery	VanOsdol et al. [25]
	1.5 MHz	90 W (for vaporization), 5.2-38.5 W (for inertial cavitation)	NA	Thermal therapy	Kopechek et al. [14]
	1.14 MHz	4 MPa	NA	Thermal therapy	Moyer et al. [21]
	2 MHz	NA	2 MHz	Drug delivery	Duncanson et al. [30]
	2.25 MHz	12 V	NA	Drug delivery	Soto et al. [11]
	1.44 MHz	7.4 MPa	NA	Thermal therapy	Kripfgans et al. [15]
	2 MHz	7-10 MPa	5 MHz (passive cavitation detection), 2.25 MHz (attenuation)	Vascular therapy	Kang et al. [52]
	1.513 MHz	5.8 MPa (in vitro), 88 W (in vivo)	NA	Vascular therapy	Pajek et al. [59]