Ramadan Intermittent Fasting Affects Adipokines and Leptin/Adiponectin Ratio in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Their First-Degree Relatives
Table 1
Biochemical and hormonal levels in healthy controls, FDRs, and Type 2 DM prior to Ramadan fasting.
Parameters
Control ()
FDRs ()
Type 2 DM ()
value
C vs. F
C vs. D
F vs. D
Age (years)
0.990
BMI (kg/m2)
0.028
0.004
0.701
WC (cm)
0.708
0.004
0.028
SBP (mmHg)
0.004
DBP (mmHg)
0.999
0.274
0.403
Triglyceride (mg/dl)
0.752
0.014
0.066
Cholesterol (mg/dl)
0.999
HDL-c (mg/dl)
0.465
0.810
0.858
LDL-c (mg/dl)
0.349
0.485
0.983
FBG (mmol/l)
0.937
HbA1c (%)
0.404
C-peptide (ng/ml)
0.120
Insulin (pmol/l)
0.054
HOMA-IR
0.095
HOMA-β (%)
0.127
0.064
HOMA-S (%)
0.003
GH (ng/ml)
0.565
hs-CRP (mg/l)
0.37 (0.31-0.42)
0.50 (0.40-0.59)
0.57 (0.49-0.65)
0.055
0.002
0.360
Leptin (ng/ml)
0.819
Adiponectin (IU/ml)
0.397
0.001
0.038
LAR
0.883
Data are presented as . Data are presented as geometric mean and 95% confidence interval of mean evaluated by ANOVA. C vs. F: a comparison between control and FDRs; C vs. D: a comparison between control and Type 2 DM; F vs. D: a comparison between FDRs and Type 2 DM.
