Ramadan Intermittent Fasting Affects Adipokines and Leptin/Adiponectin Ratio in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Their First-Degree Relatives

Table 2

Effect of Ramadan fasting on biochemical and hormonal levels in healthy controls, FDRs, and Type 2 DM.

Groups	Control			FDRs			Type 2 DM
	Baseline	Ramadan	value	Baseline	Ramadan	value	Baseline	Ramadan	value
BMI (kg/m^2)			0.070			0.108			0.293
WC (cm)			0.085			0.629			0.024
SBP (mmHg)			0.622			0.547			0.811
DBP (mmHg)			0.392			1.00			0.090
TG (mg/dl)			0.038			0.642			0.060
Cholesterol (mg/dl)			0.198			0.133			0.081
HDL-c (mg/dl)			0.549			0.259			0.395
LDL-c (mg/dl)						0.978			0.371
FBG (mmol/l)									0.651
HbA1c (%)			0.041
C-peptide (ng/ml)			0.079
Insulin (pmol/l)			0.919			0.001
HOMA-IR			0.155
HOMA-β (%)						0.010			0.663
HOMA-S (%)			0.059			0.005
GH (ng/ml)									0.230
hs-CRP (mg/l)	0.37 (0.31-0.42)	0.48 (0.41-0.54)	0.009	0.50 (0.40-0.59)	0.51 (0.42-0.59)	0.744	0.57 (0.49-0.65)	0.58 (0.42-0.59)	0.871
Leptin (ng/ml)
Adiponectin (IU/ml)									0.005
LAR									0.022

Data are presented as . Data are presented as geometric mean and 95% confidence interval of mean evaluated by ANOVA. Significant difference were indicated when (which are highlighted in bold).