Prognostic Nomograms for Primary High-Grade Glioma Patients in Adult: A Retrospective Study Based on the SEER Database

Table 2

Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis of factors associated with OS in the training set (n =3166).

Variable	Univariate analysis			Multivariate analysis
	P value	HR	95% CI	P value	HR	95% CI
Age(years)	<0.001	2.003	1.892-2.121	<0.001
<56				Reference
56-75				<0.001	1.755	1.607-1.915
>75				<0.001	2.606	2.288-2.967
Gender	0.638	1.018	0.945-1.098
Male
Female
Race	0.189	0.945	0.869-1.028
White
Black
Other
Marital status	<0.001	1.140	1.098-1.185	0.095
Married				Reference
Single				0.278	1.064	0.951-1.191
Separated/Divorced				0.581	1.038	0.910-1.184
Widowed				0.017	1.171	1.029-1.333
Grade	<0.001	1.575	1.375-1.805
GradeIII				Reference
GradeIV				<0.001	1.306	1.131-1.508
Laterality	0.001	1.099	1.038-1.164	0.247
Left				Reference
Right				0.604	0.979	0.904-1.061
Not a paired site				0.145	1.153	0.952-1.395
Site	<0.001	1.088	1.060-1.117	0.248
C71.1Frontal lobe				Reference
C71.2Temporal lobe				0.150	0.930	0.843-1.027
C71.3Parietal lobe				0.127	0.919	0.825-1.024
C71.4Occipital lobe				0.429	1.080	0.893-1.306
C71.8Overlapping lesion				0.804	1.021	0.865-1.207
Histological	<0.001	1.521	1.418-1.632	<0.001
Mixed glioma				Reference
Astrocytoma				<0.001	3.242	2.469-4.257
Glioblastoma				<0.001	4.707	3.747-5.914
Oligodendroglioma				0.102	0.621	0.351-1.100
Size(mm)	0.001	1.088	1.033-1.145	<0.001
<26				Reference
27-44				0.033	1.141	1.011-1.287
>44				<0.001	1.344	1.198-1.508
Surgery	<0.001	0.817	0.790-0.846	<0.001
No surgery				Reference
Subtotal resection				<0.001	0.584	0.491-0.694
Gross resection				<0.001	0.444	0.367-0.538
Resection of lobe of brain				<0.001	0.564	0.476-0.670
Radiotherapy	<0.001	2.164	1.984-2.360
Yes				Reference
No/unknown				<0.001	1.578	1.305-1.909
Chemotherapy	<0.001	2.163	1.997-2.343
Yes				Reference
No/unknown				<0.001	1.688	1.514-1.881
Radiation sequence with surgery	<0.001	1.495	1.438-1.554	0.736
Prior to surgery				Reference
After surgery				0.459	0.813	0.470-1.407
Before and after				0.510	0.757	0.330-1.734
Unknown				0.677	0.884	0.495-1.578

Abbreviations: OS: overall survival; CSS: cancer-specific survival; HR: hazard ratio; CI: confidence interval.