The Effects of Titanium Surfaces Modified with an Antimicrobial Peptide GL13K by Silanization on Polarization, Anti-Inflammatory, and Proinflammatory Properties of Macrophages

Figure 4

Quantitative analysis of the secretion of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β of macrophages with M1 polarization and IL-10, IL-1ra, TGF-β1, and TGF-β3 of macrophages with M2 polarization after culturing on the titanium surface, the silanized titanium surface, and the GL13K-coated surface for 3 days. Error bars represent for . A downregulation of the relative mRNA expression of TNF-α () and IL-1β () was detected in the groups of GL13K immobilized titanium, while the expression of IL-10 () and TGF-β3 () levels were upregulated in these groups.