Effect of Health-Promoting Lifestyle Modification Education on Knowledge, Attitude, and Quality of Life of Postmenopausal Women
Table 1
Comparison of mean scores of knowledge and attitude of intervention and control groups in three stages of evaluation ().
Parameter
Group
Evaluations
Within group comparison ( value)a
Between group comparison ( value)a
interaction ( value)
Effect size ()
Between group comparison at the end of 6 months follow-up ( value)b
E1 Mean (SD)
E2 Mean (SD)
E3 Mean (SD)
Knowledge
Knowledge on physiology of menopause
C
2.34 (0.83)
2.31 (0.79)
2.45 (0.70)
0.20
<0.001
0.37 (<0.001)
0.62
<0.001
I
2.02 (0.83)
3.56 (0.50)
3.62 (0.49)
<0.001
Knowledge on short-term effects of menopause
C
1.22 (1.00)
1.00 (1.22)
1.48 (1.59)
0.03
<0.001
0.09 (<0.001)
0.90
<0.001
I
1.18 (1.07)
7.21 (0.71)
7.29 (0.70)
<0.001
Knowledge on long-term effects of menopause
C
0.31 (0.67)
0.85 (1.06)
1.22 (1.05)
<0.001
<0.001
0.10 (<0.001)
0.89
<0.001
I
0.32 (0.66)
5.89 (0.31)
5.91 (0.27)
<0.001
Knowledge on management of menopause-related issues
C
0.57 (0.55)
2.05 (1.05)
4.54 (1.01)
<0.001
<0.001
0.11 (<0.001)
0.88
0.01
I
0.27 (0.45)
4.83 (0.37)
4.86 (0.34)
<0.001
Overall knowledge score
C
4.45 (1.44)
6.22 (1.84)
9.71 (2.21)
<0.001
<0.001
0.03 (<0.001)
0.97
<0.001
I
3.81 (1.02)
21.51 (0.98)
21.70 (1.05)
<0.001
Attitude
Overall attitude score
C
24.42 (7.81)
24.74 (7.74)
23.91 (7.56)
0.58
<0.001
0.13 (<0.001)
0.86
<0.001
I
24.05 (6.88)
27.35 (4.04)
44.02 (5.33)
<0.001
E: evaluation; : Wilk’s lambda; : partial eta squared. Groups: I: intervention; C: control. aMeans between and within the group were compared with two-way repeated measure ANOVA. bMeans between the groups at the end of 6 months were compared with one-way ANCOVA while controlling the baseline characteristics.
