No Benefit of Hemostatic Drugs on Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Cirrhosis

Table 2

PSM analysis of difference between hemostatic drugs and no hemostatic drug groups.

Variables	No. Pts	Hemostatic drugs group	No. Pts	No hemostatic drug group	value
Age (years)	86	55.60 (30.37-89.23)	86	55.78 (24.92-84.77)	0.504
Sex (male) (%)	86	60 (69.80%)	86	62 (72.10%)	0.737
Cancer (%)	86	10 (11.60%)	86	16 (18.60%)	0.201
Liver cancer (%)	86	8 (9.30%)	86	15 (17.40%)	0.117
Extrahepatic cancer (%)	86	2 (2.30%)	86	1 (1.20%)	0.560
Clinical features of AUGIB (%)
Hematemesis (%)	86	33 (38.40%)	86	36 (41.90%)	0.641
Melena (%)	86	72 (83.70%)	86	74 (86.00%)	0.670
Both hematemesis and melena (%)	86	19 (22.10%)	86	24 (27.90%)	0.379
Etiology of liver diseases
HBV (%)	86	22 (25.60%)	86	32 (37.20%)	0.100
HCV (%)	86	5 (5.80%)	86	7 (8.10%)	0.549
Alcohol abuse (%)	86	33 (38.40%)	86	34 (39.50%)	0.876
HBV+alcohol abuse (%)	86	6 (7.00%)	86	11 (12.80%)	0.201
HCV+alcohol abuse (%)	86	3 (3.50%)	86	4 (4.70%)	0.700
Other or unknown etiology (%)	86	35 (40.70%)	86	29 (33.70%)	0.344
Endoscopic evaluation of EV (%)	86	53 (61.60%)	86	49 (57.00%)	0.535
No EV (%)	86	5 (5.80%)	86	7 (8.10%)	0.549
Mild EV (%)	86	3 (3.50%)	86	1 (1.20%)	0.312
Moderate EV (%)	86	6 (7.00%)	86	5 (5.80%)	0.755
Severe EV (%)	86	39 (45.30%)	86	36 (41.90%)	0.646
Laboratory tests
Red Blood Cell (10^12/L)	86	2.58 (0.93-5.07)	86	2.68 (1.21-4.22)	0.438
Hemoglobin (g/L)	86	73.00 (31.00-157.00)	86	73.50 (42.00-122.00)	0.608
White blood cell (10^9/L)	86	4.05 (1.00-25.20)	86	4.20 (1.10-30.70)	0.400
Platelet (10^9/L)	86	70.50 (9.00-775.00)	86	82.00 (17.00-842.00)	0.103
Total bilirubin (μmol/L)	86	20.10 (4.80-553.60)	86	23.25 (5.90-241.40)	0.968
Albumin (g/L)	85	30.90 (17.20-49.30)	85	31.20 (13.60-48.00)	0.337
Alanine aminotransferase (U/L)	86	26.00 (6.00-184.00)	86	23.00 (5.00-438.00)	0.548
Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L)	86	35.50 (8.00-228.00)	86	30.50 (13.00-994.00)	0.218
Alkaline phosphatase (U/L)	86	76.30 (36.00-707.00)	86	92.50 (28.00-450.00)	0.381
Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (U/L)	86	55.50 (8.00-1168.00)	86	49.50 (10.00-994.00)	0.454
Blood urea nitrogen (mmol/L)	86	7.37 (2.07-24.92)	86	6.20 (2.22-55.01)	0.177
Serum Creatinine (μmol/L)	86	55.00 (24.00-449.00)	86	57.00 (28.00-919.00)	0.565
Potassium (mmol/L)	85	4.07 (2.13-5.48)	85	4.00 (2.79-5.80)	0.430
Sodium (mmol/L)	85	139.40 (128.90-147.30)	85	137.60 (122.60-146.50)	0.023
Prothrombin time (seconds)	86	15.60 (12.90-47.00)	86	15.25 (10.80-40.90)	0.280
INR	86	1.25 (0.97-5.21)	86	1.20 (0.77-4.19)	0.219
Child-Pugh score	86	7.00 (5.00-14.00)	86	7.00 (5.00-14.00)	0.460
Child-Pugh class A/B/C (%)	86	29 (33.70%)/42; (48.80%)/15 (17.50%)	86	35 (40.70%)/35; (40.70%)/16 (18.60%)	0.585
MELD score	86	5.27 (-6.44-32.06)	86	5.09 (-7.52-40.95)	0.861
Endoscopic variceal treatment (%)	86	45 (52.30%)	86	38 (44.20%)	0.285
Vasoactive drugs (%)	86	67 (77.90%)	86	65 (75.60%)	0.718
Somatostatin (%)	86	60 (69.80%)	86	49 (57.70%)	0.082
Octreotide (%)	86	31 (36.00%)	86	40 (46.50%)	0.163
Proton-pump inhibitors (%)	86	83 (96.50%)	86	84 (97.70%)	0.650
Antibiotics (%)	86	41 (47.70%)	86	43 (50.00%)	0.760
Red blood cell transfusion (%)	86	47 (54.70%)	86	44 (51.20%)	0.647
5-day rebleeding (%)	86	13 (15.10%)	86	5 (5.80%)	0.046
In-hospital death (%)	86	6 (7.00%)	86	3 (3.50%)	0.304

Abbreviations: Pts: patients; HBV: hepatitis B virus; HCV: hepatitis C virus; AUGIB: acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding; INR: international normalized ratio; APTT: activated partial thromboplastin time; MELD: model for end-stage liver disease; EV: esophageal varices.