A Mobile Application Penyikang Applied in Postpartum Pelvic Floor Dysfunction: A Cross-Sectional Study to Analyze the Factors Influencing Postpartum Pelvic Floor Muscle Strength and Women’s Participation in Treatment
Table 2
Demographic and clinical characteristics, urogynaecological symptoms, pelvic floor-related complaints, and knowledge of pelvic floor dysfunction/pelvic floor muscle training.
(%)
Weak PFM
Age when app first used (yrs)
<25
127 (6.41)
25-34
1354 (68.31)
35-44
420 (21.19)
>45
39 (1.97)
Missing
42 (2.12)
Educational level
Low
82 (4.14)
Middle
180 (9.08)
High
1685 (85.02)
Missing
35 (1.76)
BMI
<25 normal
1425 (71.90)
25–30 overweight
313 (15.79)
≥30 obese
209 (10.55)
Missing
35 (1.76)
Parity
≤2
1872 (94.45)
>2
58 (2.93)
Missing
52 (2.62)
Maternal age
<35
1617 (81.58)
≥35
348 (17.56)
Missing
17 (0.86)
Heaviest birth weight (g)
<4000
1685 (85.02)
≥4000
265 (13.37)
Missing
32 (1.61)
Modes of delivery
Cesarean section
786 (39.66)
Vaginal delivery
1078 (54.39)
Forceps
89 (4.49)
Missing
29 (1.46)
Number of fetuses delivered
Singleton
1798 (90.72)
Others
148 (7.47)
Missing
36 (1.81)
Perineum injury type
None
696 (35.12)
Rupture
462 (23.31)
Median episiotomy
98 (4.94)
Lateral episiotomy
541 (27.3)
Missing
185 (9.33)
UI complaints and symptoms
UI complaints
Yes
228 (30.85)
No
511 (69.15)
UI prevalence
Before pregnancy
0 (0)
During delivery
210 (92.1)
Postpartum
165 (72.4)
UI severity (ICIQ UI-SF sum score)
1-5 slight
28 (12.28)
6-12 moderate
37 (16.23)
13-18 severe
163 (71.49)
19-21 very severe
0 (0)
UI type
Stress
143 (62.72)
Urgency
9 (3.95)
Mixed
3 (1.31)
Others
73 (32.02)
POP complaints
Yes
94 (12.72)
No
596 (80.65)
Missing
49 (6.63)
AI
Yes
35 (4.74)
No
655 (88.63)
Missing
49 (6.63)
Knowledge of PFD
0-2 little
86 (11.05)
3-6 general
362 (46.53)
7-9 well
330 (42.42)
Knowledge of PFMT
0-2 little
224 (30.31)
3-6 general
374 (50.61)
7-9 well
141 (19.08)
N: number; %: percentage; PFM: pelvic floor muscle; educational level—low: lower than or equal to middle school degree, middle: high school degree, and high: higher than or equal to bachelor degree; BMI: body mass index; UI: urinary incontinence, complaint of involuntary loss of urine; ICIQ-UI SF: International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form; POP: pelvic organ prolapse; AI: anal incontinence, complaint of involuntary loss of feces or flatus; PFD: pelvic floor dysfunction; PFMT: pelvic floor muscle training.
