Anion Gap Was Associated with Inhospital Mortality and Adverse Clinical Outcomes of Coronary Care Unit Patients
Table 1
Characteristics of patients stratified by AG quartiles.
Characteristics
Total ()
Quartiles of AG (mmol/L)
value
Quartile 1 ()
Quartile 2 ()
Quartile 3 ()
Quartile 4 ()
Age (years)
0.679
Gender, (%)
0.986
Male
2042 (56.8)
497 (57.3)
510 (56.5)
440 (56.5)
595 (57.0)
Female
1551 (43.2)
371 (42.7)
392 (43.5)
339 (43.5)
449 (43.0)
Race, (%)
0.198
White
2551 (71.0)
640 (73.7)
641 (71.1)
554 (71.1)
716 (68.6)
Black
263 (7.3)
52 (6.0)
66 (7.3)
53 (6.8)
92 (8.8)
Other
779 (21.7)
176 (20.3)
195 (21.6)
172 (20.1)
236 (22.6)
Body mass index (kg/m2)
0.416
Diagnoses of heart diseases, (%)
Coronary artery disease
1793 (49.9)
405 (46.7)
473 (52.4)
418 (53.7)
497 (47.6)
0.006
Acute myocardial infarction
674 (18.8)
143 (16.5)
160 (17.7)
161 (20.7)
210 (20.1)
0.082
Atrial fibrillation
1349 (37.6)
319 (36.8)
334 (37.0)
304 (39.0)
392 (37.6)
0.786
Ventricular arrhythmias
206 (5.7)
31 (3.6)
39 (4.3)
47 (6.0)
89 (8.5)
<0.001
Third-degree atrioventricular block
153 (4.3)
34 (3.9)
36 (4.0)
37 (4.8)
46 (4.4)
0.820
Congestive heart failure
1935 (53.9)
421 (48.5)
461 (51.1)
415 (53.3)
638 (61.1)
<0.001
Primary cardiomyopathy
294 (8.2)
60 (6.9)
62 (6.9)
71 (9.1)
101 (9.7)
0.048
Valve disease
776 (21.6)
165 (19.0)
201 (22.3)
173 (22.2)
237 (22.7)
0.203
Endocarditis
64 (1.8)
18 (2.1)
17 (1.9)
13 (1.7)
16 (1.5)
0.824
Cardiogenic shock
471 (13.1)
70 (8.1)
92 (10.2)
94 (12.1)
215 (20.6)
<0.001
Comorbidities and medical history, (%)
Hypertension
1456 (40.5)
411 (47.4)
409 (45.3)
312 (40.1)
324 (31.0)
<0.001
Diabetes
1205 (33.5)
226 (26.0)
287 (31.8)
263 (33.8)
429 (41.1)
<0.001
Hypercholesterolemia
1200 (33.4)
313 (36.1)
314 (34.8)
271 (34.8)
302 (28.9)
0.003
Chronic lung disease
885 (24.6)
244 (28.1)
195 (21.6)
198 (25.4)
248 (23.8)
0.013
Respiratory failure
1272 (35.4)
279 (32.1)
280 (31.0)
264 (33.9)
449 (43.0)
<0.001
Chronic kidney disease
752 (20.9)
106 (12.2)
165 (18.3)
171 (22.0)
310 (29.7)
<0.001
Chronic liver disease
125 (3.5)
39 (4.5)
22 (2.4)
19 (2.4)
45 (4.3)
0.017
Malignancy
518 (14.4)
125 (14.4)
158 (17.5)
105 (13.5)
130 (12.5)
0.013
Autoimmune disease
156 (4.3)
40 (4.6)
35 (3.9)
34 (4.4)
47 (4.5)
0.879
Prior myocardial infarction
323 (9.0)
77 (8.9)
80 (8.9)
83 (10.7)
83 (8.0)
0.256
Prior stroke
85 (2.4)
19 (2.2)
24 (2.7)
12 (1.5)
30 (2.9)
0.270
Laboratory parameters
AG (mmol/L)
<0.001
Maximum AG
<0.001
White blood cell (109/L)
<0.001
Platelet (109/L)
<0.001
Hemoglobin (g/dL)
<0.001
Glucose (mg/dL)
<0.001
Creatinine (mg/dL)
<0.001
Blood nitrogen urea (mg/dL)
<0.001
Sodium (mmol/L)
<0.001
Potassium (mmol/L)
<0.001
Medication use, (%)
Antiplatelet
2274 (63.3)
556 (64.1)
587 (65.9)
480 (61.6)
651 (62.4)
0.425
Oral anticoagulants
1047 (29.1)
259 (29.8)
276 (30.6)
232 (29.8)
280 (26.8)
0.260
Beta-blocks
2513 (69.9)
624 (71.9)
644 (71.4)
533 (68.4)
712 (68.2)
0.184
ACEI/ARB
1882 (52.4)
475 (54.7)
495 (54.9)
422 (54.2)
490 (46.9)
0.001
Statin
2095 (58.3)
512 (59.0)
552 (61.2)
458 (58.8)
573 (54.9)
0.039
Vasopressin
234 (6.5)
38 (4.4)
46 (5.1)
45 (5.8)
105(10.1)
<0.001
Continuous variables were presented as . Categorical variables were presented as number (percentage). Abbreviation: AG: anion gap; ACEI: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker.