Research Article

Anion Gap Was Associated with Inhospital Mortality and Adverse Clinical Outcomes of Coronary Care Unit Patients

Table 1

Characteristics of patients stratified by AG quartiles.

CharacteristicsTotal
()
Quartiles of AG (mmol/L) value
Quartile 1 ()
Quartile 2 ()
Quartile 3 ()
Quartile 4 ()

Age (years)0.679
Gender, (%)0.986
 Male2042 (56.8)497 (57.3)510 (56.5)440 (56.5)595 (57.0)
 Female1551 (43.2)371 (42.7)392 (43.5)339 (43.5)449 (43.0)
Race, (%)0.198
 White2551 (71.0)640 (73.7)641 (71.1)554 (71.1)716 (68.6)
 Black263 (7.3)52 (6.0)66 (7.3)53 (6.8)92 (8.8)
 Other779 (21.7)176 (20.3)195 (21.6)172 (20.1)236 (22.6)
Body mass index (kg/m2)0.416
Diagnoses of heart diseases, (%)
 Coronary artery disease1793 (49.9)405 (46.7)473 (52.4)418 (53.7)497 (47.6)0.006
 Acute myocardial infarction674 (18.8)143 (16.5)160 (17.7)161 (20.7)210 (20.1)0.082
 Atrial fibrillation1349 (37.6)319 (36.8)334 (37.0)304 (39.0)392 (37.6)0.786
 Ventricular arrhythmias206 (5.7)31 (3.6)39 (4.3)47 (6.0)89 (8.5)<0.001
 Third-degree atrioventricular block153 (4.3)34 (3.9)36 (4.0)37 (4.8)46 (4.4)0.820
 Congestive heart failure1935 (53.9)421 (48.5)461 (51.1)415 (53.3)638 (61.1)<0.001
 Primary cardiomyopathy294 (8.2)60 (6.9)62 (6.9)71 (9.1)101 (9.7)0.048
 Valve disease776 (21.6)165 (19.0)201 (22.3)173 (22.2)237 (22.7)0.203
 Endocarditis64 (1.8)18 (2.1)17 (1.9)13 (1.7)16 (1.5)0.824
 Cardiogenic shock471 (13.1)70 (8.1)92 (10.2)94 (12.1)215 (20.6)<0.001
Comorbidities and medical history, (%)
 Hypertension1456 (40.5)411 (47.4)409 (45.3)312 (40.1)324 (31.0)<0.001
 Diabetes1205 (33.5)226 (26.0)287 (31.8)263 (33.8)429 (41.1)<0.001
 Hypercholesterolemia1200 (33.4)313 (36.1)314 (34.8)271 (34.8)302 (28.9)0.003
 Chronic lung disease885 (24.6)244 (28.1)195 (21.6)198 (25.4)248 (23.8)0.013
 Respiratory failure1272 (35.4)279 (32.1)280 (31.0)264 (33.9)449 (43.0)<0.001
 Chronic kidney disease752 (20.9)106 (12.2)165 (18.3)171 (22.0)310 (29.7)<0.001
 Chronic liver disease125 (3.5)39 (4.5)22 (2.4)19 (2.4)45 (4.3)0.017
 Malignancy518 (14.4)125 (14.4)158 (17.5)105 (13.5)130 (12.5)0.013
 Autoimmune disease156 (4.3)40 (4.6)35 (3.9)34 (4.4)47 (4.5)0.879
 Prior myocardial infarction323 (9.0)77 (8.9)80 (8.9)83 (10.7)83 (8.0)0.256
 Prior stroke85 (2.4)19 (2.2)24 (2.7)12 (1.5)30 (2.9)0.270
Laboratory parameters
 AG (mmol/L)<0.001
 Maximum AG<0.001
 White blood cell (109/L)<0.001
 Platelet (109/L)<0.001
 Hemoglobin (g/dL)<0.001
 Glucose (mg/dL)<0.001
 Creatinine (mg/dL)<0.001
 Blood nitrogen urea (mg/dL)<0.001
 Sodium (mmol/L)<0.001
 Potassium (mmol/L)<0.001
Medication use, (%)
 Antiplatelet2274 (63.3)556 (64.1)587 (65.9)480 (61.6)651 (62.4)0.425
 Oral anticoagulants1047 (29.1)259 (29.8)276 (30.6)232 (29.8)280 (26.8)0.260
 Beta-blocks2513 (69.9)624 (71.9)644 (71.4)533 (68.4)712 (68.2)0.184
 ACEI/ARB1882 (52.4)475 (54.7)495 (54.9)422 (54.2)490 (46.9)0.001
 Statin2095 (58.3)512 (59.0)552 (61.2)458 (58.8)573 (54.9)0.039
 Vasopressin234 (6.5)38 (4.4)46 (5.1)45 (5.8)105(10.1)<0.001

Continuous variables were presented as . Categorical variables were presented as number (percentage). Abbreviation: AG: anion gap; ACEI: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker.