Research Article

Development of MRI Projection Mapping System for Breast-Conserving Surgery in the Operating Room: Preliminary Clinical Results in Invasive Breast Cancer

Figure 3

Projection mapping (PM; Case 6). (a) Maximum intensity projection (MIP) image generated from supine MRI for the PM procedure. The rigid markers on the MIP image are highlighted in green to coregister the skin and MRI markers (arrow). (b) PM procedure in the operating room. With the patient under general anesthesia, the arms are raised as with MRI scans in a supine position. Vac-Lok™ cushions (black arrow) are set under the patient. The projector of the PM system (white arrow) is set perpendicular to the floor for tumors located in the inner breast regions. (c) The depth of the breast surface is measured by observing and analyzing the deformation of the striped binary code pattern projected. (d) The MIP image projected onto the breast surface. The projection was considered successful when the MIP image projected onto the breast surface and the breast skin’s rigid markers coincided (white arrow). The black outline represents the location of the cancer drawn by the conventional method prior to the PM procedure. (e) The location of a cancer drawn by the conventional method and PM method. The contour of cancer identified by the PM system is shown in red, which almost matches that by the conventional method shown in black. The positional discrepancy between the 2 methods was 4 mm.
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