Research Article

Development of MRI Projection Mapping System for Breast-Conserving Surgery in the Operating Room: Preliminary Clinical Results in Invasive Breast Cancer

Figure 4

59-year old woman with breast cancer in the outer portion (Case 10). Comparison between the conventional method, PM (projection mapping) method, and pathological findings (Case 10). (a) Sonography (US) shows invasive cancer as a round-shaped low echoic mass but not ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). (b) Supine MRI using home-made tilting table shows the entire spread of breast cancer as nonmass enhancement including the invasive part showing a small nodule with rim enhancement (arrow). (c) The nonmass enhancement on the MIP image generated from supine MRI is projected onto the breast skin. The black circle is the location of the invasive cancer drawn using US. (d) The PM method is able to identify tumor spread including DCIS (red). The dotted red circle represents the location of the invasive cancer in the nonmass enhancement, which is not identical to that by US (black) perfectly. (e) The extent of cancer by the PM method is consistent with that of pathological findings (green: invasive cancer; red: DCIS).
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