Phloretin Modulates Human Th17/Treg Cell Differentiation In Vitro via AMPK Signaling

Figure 2

Phloretin influences the differentiation of Th17 and Treg cells in vitro. (a) The frequency of Th17 cells generated under Th17 polarization conditions in the presence or absence of phloretin (25, 50, and 100 μM) using fluorescent antibody staining and flow cytometry. and versus the control group; ^#### versus the 25 μM phloretin treatment group; ns means no significant difference between the 50 μM and 100 μM phloretin treatment group (, , one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test). (b) The frequency of Treg cells generated under Treg polarization conditions in the presence or absence of phloretin (25, 50, and 100 μM) using fluorescent antibody staining and flow cytometry. and versus the control group; ^#### versus the 25 μM phloretin treatment group; ns means no significant difference between the 50 μM and 100 μM phloretin treatment group (, , one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test). (c) Expression levels of phospho-Stat3 or phospho-Stat5 were examined under Th17 or Treg polarization conditions in the presence or absence of phloretin (50 μM) using fluorescent antibody staining and flow cytometry. versus the control group (, , Student’s unpaired -test). (a–c) The control group was treated with DMSO.

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