Review Article
Revisiting the Warburg Effect: Diet-Based Strategies for Cancer Prevention
Table 2
Therapeutics targeting the Warburg effect in cancers.
| Target | Compound | Effect | Status | References |
| GLUT1 | WZB117, STF-31 | Inhibits CLUT1 Induces cell cycle arrest and inhibits cancer cell growth | Preclinical | [30, 31] | HK | 2DG | Inhibits HK Tolerable adverse effects | Clinical trials discontinued | [78] | PKM2 | TEPP-46 | Activates PKM2 Tetramer formation and suppress tumorigenesis | Preclinical | [79] [80] | LDHA | FX11 | Inhibits LDHA Oxidative stress and inhibits tumor progression | Preclinical | [81] | G6PD | 6-AN | Induces oxidative stress Induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis selectively in irradiated human malignant cells | Preclinical | [82] | MCT1 | AZD3965 | Inhibits uptake of extracellular lactate | Phase I | [83] | PDK1 | DCA | Inhibits PDK1 | Phase I-II | [84] [85] | PKB | AZD5363 | Inhibits PKB activity | Phase I-II | [86] | | GDC0068 | | Phase I | [87] | | GSK2141795 | | Phase I completed | [88] | | GSK2110183 | | Phase I-II completed Phase II | [88] | | MK-2206 | Akt inhibitor enhances antitumor efficacy by standard chemotherapeutic agents or molecular targeted drugs in vitro and in vivo | Phase I-II | [89] |
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