Research Article

A Systematic Review of the Various Effect of Arsenic on Glutathione Synthesis In Vitro and In Vivo

Table 1

Basic characteristics of the articles in vivo experiments.

AuthorYearType of arsenicDose (mg/kg)Time (h)Outcome

Nelson et al. [31]20186NaAsO2>10≥72GSH -0.19 [-1.32, 0.95], Glu -1.05 [-2.26, 0.22]
Wang et al. [20]20158As4S4>10≥72GSH -1.67 [-2.86, -0.49], Glu -3.29 [-4.93, -1.65]
Cys-2.91 [-4.43, -1.39], GCLC 8.87 [2.61, 15.12]
GCLM 0.98 [-0.56, 2.53], Nrf2 0.12 [-1.27, 1.51]
Yu et al. [32]20176As2O3≤10≥72GSH -4.48 [-6.94, -2.02]
Singh et al. [33]20163NaAsO2≤10≥72Glu 6.76 [0.04, 13.48], Cys -0.71 [-2.46, 1.03]
Duan et al. [13]20156NaAsO2>10<72GSH -3.58 [-5.67, -1.50], GCLC 7.20 [2.06, 12.35]
GCLM 6.66 [1.87, 11.44], Nrf2 17.57 [5.41, 29.74]
Ramos-Chávez et al. [18]20159NaAsO2>10≥72GSH -2.75 [-4.13,-1.38]
Prabu et al. [34]20126NaAsO2≤10≥72GSH -6.79 [-10.29, -3.29], Nrf2 7.04 [3.42, 10.66]
Ren et al. [35]20153NaAsO2>10≥72GSH -2.93 [-6.17, 0.32], GCLC -1.68 [-3.96, 0.60]
GCLM -2.63 [-5.63, 0.37]
Gao et al. [36]201310NaAsO2>10≥72GSH -37.03 [-49.87, -24.19], Nrf27.74 [4.92, 10.55]
Miltonprabu et al. [37]20176Na3AsO4≤10≥72GSH -89.95 [-127.92, -43.98], Nrf2 -4.48 [-6.94, -2.02]
Sung et al. [38]20195NaAsO2>10≥72Glu -4.82 [-7.80, -1.84]
Lu et al. [39]201850As2O3≤10≥72Glu 0.56 [0.16, 0.96]
Huo et al. [40]20167As2S2>10≥72Glu 0.27 [-0.78, 1.33], Cys -1.34 [-2.54, -0.14],
Gly 3.28 [1.51, 5.06]
Shoufang et al. [41]201414NaAsO2>10≥72Glu -2.07 [-3.01, -1.13]
Bei et al. [42]201212As2S4>10≥72Glu -6.92 [-9.20, -4.63]
Huo et al. [43]20128As4S4>10≥72Glu -3.86 [-5.69, -2.04], Gly -1.24 [-2.34, -0.14]
Sumi et al. [44]20157NaAsO2≤10≥72GSH 2.81 [0.80, 4.82], GCLC -14.52 [-22.78, -6.25]
GCLM 2.54 [0.65, 4.44], Nrf2 3.58 [1.22, 5.95]
Mukherjee et al. [45]2016193NaAsO2≤10≥72GSH -0.05 [-0.25, 0.15], Cys -2.38 [-2.64, -2.12]
Kilroe-Smith and McLoughlin [46]197998Na2HAsO4.7H20>10<72GSH 1.25 [-0.03, 2.54], Glu -0.60 [-1.70, 0.57]
Gly 0.03 [-1.10, 1.16]
Fuse et al. [47]20163NaAsO2≤10<72GCLC 10.12 [0.22, 20.02]
Li et al. [48]20154NaAsO2>10≥72GCLC -0.09 [-1.48, 1.30], Nrf2 3.63 [0.78, 6.49]
Ivan and Zoltan [49]20053NaAsO2≤10<72GSH -5.16 [-10.40, 0.07]
Nagaraja et al. [50]19936As2O3≤10≥72Glu -6.84 [-10.37, -3.31]
Wang et al. [22]20194As2O3≤10<72Glu 1.43 [-0.27, 3.13]
Aberami et al. [51]201911NaAsO2≤10<72GCLC -1.66 [-2.66, -0.64], GCLM 0.33 [-0.50, 1.16]
Yi et al. [52]20185As4S4>10≥72Glu 6.19 [2.49, 9.89]
Huang et al. [53]201210As4S4>10≥72Glu 1.53 [0.50, 2.55]
Uthus et al. [54]199015Na2HAsO4.7H20≤10≥72Glu -0.17 [-1.15, 0.81], Cys 0.04 [-0.94, 1.02]
Gly 1.46 [0.32, 2.60]
Zhao et al. [55]201910NaAsO2≤10≥72p38 2.24 [1.07, 3.41] p-p38 0.67 [-0.24, 1.58]
Sun et al. [56]20193As2O3>10<72p38 0.57 [-1.12, 2.27] p-p38 30.07 [0.99, 59.14]
Chandravanshi et al. [57]20189NaAsO2≤10≥72GSH -5.19, [-8.36, -2.02], p-p38 1.30 [-0.14, 2.74]
Wei et al. [58]20185NaAsO2≤10<72p38 -171 [-3.28, -0.14] p-p38 34.41 [15.00, 53.82]
Li et al. [59]20173NaAsO2>10<72p38 0.32 [-1.31, 1.95] p-p38 1.45 [-0.68, 3.57]
Huang et al. [60]201710NaAsO2>10≥72p38 -5.80 [-7.99, -3.61] p-p38 -5.80 [-7.99, -3.61]
Xu et al. [61]20089NaAsO2≤10≥72GSH -4.31 [-5.02, -3.61]
Srivastava et al. [62]20156As2O3≤10<72Nrf2 -14.71 [-21.98, -7.44]

represents the number of parallel samples in the experimental group; GSH is a reducing molecule; Glu, Cys, and Gly are the prerequisites for GSH synthesis; GCLC is the heavy chain subunit of GSH synthesis rate-limiting enzyme γ-GCS; GCLM is the light chain subunit of GSH synthesis rate-limiting enzyme γ-GCS; p38 is a protein kinase; p-p38 represents phosphorylation of p38; and Nrf2 is a nuclear transcription factor.