BioMed Research International

Research Article

A Systematic Review of the Various Effect of Arsenic on Glutathione Synthesis In Vitro and In Vivo

Table 2

Basic characteristics of the articles in vitro experiments.


Author	Year		Type of arsenic	Dose (μmol/L)	Time (h)	Outcome

Xiaojin Yu [32]	2017	6	As₂O₃	≤10	<24	GSH -3.53 [-5.59, -1.47], Nrf2 -0.52 [-1.68, 0.64]
Vikas Singh [33]	2016	3	NaAsO₂	≤10	≥24	GSH 6.34 [0.01, 12.67], Glu 3.60 [-0.23, 7.43] Cys -5.82 [-11.66, 0.02], Nrf2 4.83 [-0.10, 9.75]
Yongyong Hou [15]	2014	3	NaAsO₂	≤10	≥24	GSH 9.20 [0.10, 18.38], GCLC 1.87 [-0.54, 4.26] GCLM 1.90 [-0.54, 4.33], p38 -0.28 [-1.91, 1.34] p-p38 6.28 [0.01, 12.55], Nrf2 13.38 [0.36, 26.39]
Rui Zhao [63]	2011	3	As₂O₃	≤10	≥24	GCLC 3.44 [-0.25, 7.12], GCLM 18.56 [0.57, 36.56], Nrf2 21.91 [0.69, 43.12]
YanethCastro Coronel [64]	2011	3	NaAsO₂	≤10	≥24	GSH 3.71 [-0.21, 7.63], Nrf2 5.21 [-0.07, 1048]
SeleneGHuerta Olvera [65]	2010	3	NaAsO₂	>10	≥24	GSH 4.48 [-0.13, 9.09], GCLC -0.03 [-1.61, 1.57], GCLM 3.08 [-0.30, 6.44], Nrf2 8.29 [0.13, 16.45]
TsuiChun Tsou [9]	2004	4	NaAsO₂	>10	≥24	GSH -1.24 [-2.87, 0.39]
Hiromi Sasaki [12]	2002	4	NaAsO₂	≤10	<24	GSH 5.65 [1.52, 9.78], Cys 3.40 [0.68, 6.12]
Muyao Li [14]	2002	4	NaAsO₂	≤10	≥24	GSH 7.04 [2.00, 12.08]
T Ochi [66]	1997	3	NaAsO₂	≤10	≥24	GSH 3.99 [0.18, 8.16], Cys 0.29 [-1.33, 1.92]
Xuejun Jiang [67]	2014	3	As₂O₃	>10	≥24	GSH -0.76 [-2.52, 1.00], GCLC -7.44 [-14.80, -0.08] GCLM -10.31 [-20.39, -0.23], Nrf2 3.23 [-0.28, 6.73]
Wanghui Hui [68]	2013	6	NaAsO₂	≤10	≥24	GSH 9.56 [4.76, 14.36], p38 -1.29 [-2.58, 0.01] p-p38 2.82 [1.04, 4.61], Nrf2 23.93 [12.19, 35.66]
Fiorani Mara [69]	2018	3	NaAsO₂	≤10	<24	GSH 11.52 [0.28, 22.76], GCLC 7.55 [0.09, 15.01] Nrf2 3.42 [-0.25, 7.08]
Zhaofeng Hong [70]	2012	3	NaAsO₂	>10	≥24	GSH -3.02 [-6.36, 0.31], Glu -4.57 [-7.07, -2.07]
Lintseng Hsi [71]	2009	3	NaAsO₂	≤10	<24	GSH -0.57 [-2.26, 1.13]
Sumi Daigo [23]	2007	3	As₂O₃	>10	≥24	GSH -3.22 [-6.73, 0.28], GCLC -0.12 [-1.72, 1.48] GCLM-13.11 [-25.88, -0.35], Nrf213.31 [0.36, 26.26]
Pi Jingbo [72]	2003	3	NaAsO₂	≤10	≥24	GCLC 2.77 [-0.35, 5.88], Nrf2 0.08 [-1.52, 1.68]
Zhao Wei [73]	2014	3	As₂O₃	≤10	≥24	GSH -7.41 [-14.74, -0.08], GCLC -0.21 [-1.82, 1.40], GCLM -5.43 [-10.91, 0.05], Nrf2 2.60 [-0.38, 5.57]
Irawan Susanto [74]	1998	3	NaAsO₂	≤10	≥24	Cys 1.11 [-0.82, 3.03]
Daigo Sumi [75]	2011	4	NaAsO₂	≤10	<24	GSH 2.81 [0.80, 4.83], GCLC 4.25 [1.01, 7.48], GCLM 4.25 [1.01, 7.48]
Chengzhi Chen [76]	2013	3	NaAsO₂	>10	≥24	GSH -5.85 [-11.72, 0.02], GCLC -4.81 [-9.73, 0.10], GCLM -3.67 [-7.56, 0.22]
JamesA Thompson [77]	2010	3	NaAsO₂	>10	≥24	GCLC 3.43 [-0.25, 7.11], GCLM 0.79 [-0.98, 2.56]
JamesA Thompson [16]	2009	3	NaAsO₂	≤10	<24	GCLC 9.81 [0.20, 19.42], GCLM 4.58 [-0.12, 9.27], p38 1.46 [-0.67, 3.59], p-p38 12.58 [0.33, 24.83]
YaHsin Cheng [17]	2008	3	NaAsO₂	≤10	≥24	GSH 5.40 [-0.05, 10.95], GCLC 2.55 [-0.39, 5.48]
Mostafa Waly [78]	2016	3	NaAsO₂	≤10	<24	GSH -13.81 [-27.24, -0.38], Cys -9.08 [-17.99, -0.17]
Roberta Vene [79]	2011	3	As₂O₃	≤10	≥24	GSH 6.37 [0.01, 12.72], Cys 12.14 [0.31, 23.97]
Yan Wang [80]	2012	3	NaAsO₂	≤10	≥24	Glu 1.66 [-0.61, 3.92]
Qi Cui [81]	2017	3	NaAsO₂	≤10	≥24	GCLC 2.72 [-0.36, 5.79], GCLM 2.12 [-0.48, 4.72]
M Valenzuela [19]	2014	3	As₂O₃	≤10	≥24	GSH 2.06 [-0.49, 4.61], GCLM 3.39 [-0.257.04] Nrf2 9.88 [0.21, 19.55]
Claudie Morzadec [82]	2012	3	As₂O₃	≤10	<24	GCLM 2.28 [-0.44, 4.99]
Emilie Bourdonnay [83]	2009	3	As₂O₃	≤10	≥24	GCLM 3.34 [-0.26, 6.94], Nrf2 7.17 [0.06, 14.27]
Stefan Masjosthusmann [84]	2019	11	NaAsO₂	≤10	≥24	GCLC 1.96 [-0.52, 4.44]1, GCLM 1.04 [-0.85, 2.93]
Chengzhi Chen [85]	2015	3	As₂O₃	>10	≥24	GCLC -0.18 [-1.79, 1.43], GCLM -10.72 [-21.19, -0.25]
SusanM Deneke [86]	1992	4	As₂O₃	≤10	≥24	Cys 4.66 [1.17, 8.15]
Michael Schuliga [87]	2002	4	NaAsO₂	≤10	≥24	GSH 13.96 [4.26, 23.66], Cys 2.40 [0.25, 4.56]
ZhiYuan Liu [88]	2019	3	NaAsO₂	≤10	<24	p38 1.57 [-0.64, 3.77], p-p38 10.25 [0.22, 20.29]
Pattama Singhirunnusom [89]	2018	3	NaAsO₂	>10	<24	p38 2.39 [-0.42, 5.20], p-p38 24.26 [0.78, 47.75]
Yan Xia [90]	2018	3	NaAsO₂	≤10	≥24	p38 1.08 [-0.03, 2.99], p-p38 1.18 [-0.79, 3.14]
Sunbin Ling [91]	2017	3	As₂O₃	≤10	≥24	p38 0.84 [-0.90, 2.63], p-p38 0.84 [-0.96, 2.63]
ChangHee Jeong [92]	2017	5	NaAsO₂	>10	<24	GSH 4.14 [-0.17, 8.45], p38 0.94 [-0.90, 2.79] p-p38 72.20 [2.46, 141.93]
Jingyi Zhang [93]	2017	3	As₂O₃	≤10	≥24	p38 1.26 [-0.75, 3.27], p-p38 25.860.84, 50.89]
Arulkumar Nagappan [94]	2017	3	NaAsO₂	≤10	≥24	p38 1.74 [-0.58, 4.05], p-p38 4.21 [-0.15, 8.59]
Jiamin Mao [95]	2016	3	As₂O₃	≤10	≥24	p38 0.82 [-0.96, 2.61], p-p38 15.82 [0.46, 31.18]
Daigo Sumi [96]	2016	3	NaAsO₂	≤10	≥24	p38 2.08 [-0.49, 4.61], p-p38 3.33 [-0.26, 6.93]
Xuezhong Gong [97]	2016	3	NaAsO₂	≤10	≥24	p38 1.60 [-0.62, 3.83], p-p38 9.92 [0.21, 19.64]
SunMi Yun [98]	2016	3	As₂O₃	≤10	≥24	p-p38 16.58 [0.49, 32.66]
IreneAmigo Jiménez [99]	2016	3	As₂O₃	≤10	≥24	p-p38 6.75 [0.04, 13.46]
HongGyum Kim [100]	2016	3	As₂O₃	≤10	≥24	p38 4.30 [-0.15, 8.75], p-p38 23.85 [0.76, 46.93]
M Låg [101]	2016	3	As₂O₃	≤10	≥24	p38 2.88 [-0.33, 6.10], p-p38 -5.57 [-11.19, 0.04]
Lian Zhang [102]	2015	3	As₂O₃	≤10	≥24	p38 -0.54 [-2.22, 1.14], p-p38 -0.82 [-2.60, 0.97]
Xuezhong Gong [103]	2015	3	NaAsO₂	≤10	<24	p38 1.18 [-0.78, 3.15], p-p38 3.03 [-0.30, 6.37]
HuiWen Chiu [104]	2015	3	As₂O₃	≤10	≥24	p38 2.45 [-0.41, 5.31], p-p38 6.87 [0.05, 13.69]

represents the number of parallel samples in the experimental group; GSH is a reducing molecule; Glu, Cys, and Gly are the prerequisites for GSH synthesis; GCLC is the heavy chain subunit of GSH synthesis rate-limiting enzyme γ-GCS; GCLM is the light chain subunit of GSH synthesis rate-limiting enzyme γ-GCS; p38 is a protein kinase; p-p38 represents phosphorylation of p38; and Nrf2 is a nuclear transcription factor.