A Predictive Model for Tumor Invasion of the Inferior Vena Cava Wall Using Multimodal Imaging in Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma and Inferior Vena Cava Tumor Thrombus

Figure 1

When tumor thrombus (TT) infiltrates into the inferior vena cava (IVC) vascular wall, IVC resection is necessary. (Figure 1(a)) partial resection the IVC involved by TT is needed (Figure 1(b)), and then suture of IVC. When the inferior vena cava tumor thrombus has completely obliterated the IVC and there is a simultaneous distal long bland thrombosis in the IVC (Figure 1(d), arrow), segmental resection (Figure 1(e)) of IVC (Figure 1(f)) should be performed.

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