Overall Maternal Morbidity during Pregnancy Identified with the WHO-WOICE Instrument

Table 3

Social and sexual conditions of the included women (antenatal care study population).

Variable		ANC,	%
(a) Substance use	No	461	87.3
	Yes	67	12.7
(b) Damage in the day to day due to substance use	No	48	77.4
	Yes	14	22.6
(c) Legal, social, or financial problems due to substance use	No	57	90.5
	Yes	6	9.5
(d) Family concern regarding substance use	No	21	33.3
	Yes	42	66.7
(e) Tried to stop but did not succeed	No	32	50.8
	Yes	31	49.2
Exposure to violence	No	495	93.2
	Yes	36	6.8
(f) Exposure to sexual violence	No	441	98.9
	Yes	5	1.1
	Refused to answer	2	0.4
Sex life during pregnancy	No	110	20.7
	Yes	421	79.3
(g) Reason for sexual abstinence	Does not have partner currently	24	22.0
	Medical restriction	43	39.4
	Partner does not want to	4	3.7
	She has little or no interest in sex	38	34.9
(h) Satisfaction with sex life	No	37	8.3
	Yes	411	91.7
Reason for sexual dissatisfaction	Little or no interest in sex	15	40.5
	Decreased genital sensation (feeling)	9	24.3
	Decreased vaginal lubrication (dryness)	10	27.0
	Problem reaching orgasm	8	21.6
	Pain during sex	21	56.8
	Refused to answer	1	2.7

Missing: (a) 3, (b) 5, (c) 4, (d) 4, (e) 4, (f) 83, (g) 1, and (h) 83. Defined as use of the following substances: tobacco products, alcoholic beverages, marijuana (ganja), inhalants, sedatives or sleeping pills, hallucinogens, opioids, and/or any drugs by injection. Women who responded no or never to the following question: (1) Are you afraid of your current/most recent husband or partner or anyone else? Would you say never, sometime, many times, most/all of the time? (2) Since pregnancy/delivery, was there ever a time when you were pushed, slapped, hit, kicked, or beaten by (any of) your husband/partner(s) or anyone else? Women who responded no to the following question: (1) During this pregnancy, has your current husband/partner ever forced you to have sexual intercourse when you did not want to, for example, by threatening you or holding you down? (2) During this pregnancy, did you ever have sexual intercourse you did not want to because you were afraid of what your partner/husband might do if you refused? (3) During this pregnancy, did your husband/partner ever force you to do anything else sexual that you did not want or that you found degrading or humiliating?