Research Article
Clinical Characteristics of Hospitalized Patients with Drug-Induced Acute Kidney Injury and Associated Risk Factors: A Case-Control Study
Table 2
Characteristics of the cases and controls.
| | Variables | Cases () | Controls () | value |
| | Demographic data | | Median age (years) (range) | 64 (52-73) | 58 (45-68) | <0.001 | | , (%) | 72 (62.6) | 216 (47.0) | 0.003 | | Males, (%) | 74 (64.3) | 278 (60.4) | 0.441 | | Median height (m) (range) | 1.67 (1.60-1.73) | 1.69 (1.60-1.73) | 0.429 | | Median weight (kg) (range) | 63 (56-73) | 65 (57-74) | 0.252 | | BMI () | | | 0.280 | | Smoking history, (%) | 48 (41.7) | 140 (30.4) | 0.021 | | Alcohol abuse, (%) | 46 (40.0) | 120 (26.1) | 0.003 | | Median hospital stay (days) (range) | 19 (11-29) | 20 (10-31) | 0.635 | | , (%) | 78 (67.8) | 292 (63.5) | 0.384 | | Median number of concomitant drugs, (range) | 19 (15-23) | 16 (12-21) | <0.001 | | Number of concomitant , (%) | 88 (76.5) | 269 (58.5) | <0.001 | | Medication | | ACEIs, (%) | 6 (5.2) | 35 (7.6) | 0.373 | | ARBs, (%) | 29 (25.2) | 62 (13.5) | 0.002 | | NSAIDs, (%) | 42 (36.5) | 94 (20.4) | <0.001 | | Diuretics, (%) | 53 (46.1) | 60 (13.0) | <0.001 | | Vancomycin, (%) | 7 (6.1) | 25 (5.4) | 0.785 | | Comorbidities | | Diabetes mellitus, (%) | 35 (30.4) | 75 (16.3) | 0.001 | | Hypertension, (%) | 54 (47.0) | 160 (34.8) | 0.016 | | Cardiovascular disease, (%) | 44 (38.3) | 60 (13.0) | <0.001 | | Anemia, (%) | 83 (72.2) | 176 (38.3) | <0.001 | | CKD, (%) | 27 (23.5) | 34 (7.4) | <0.001 | | Laboratory measurements | | Median baseline SCr (mmol/L) (range) | 88.10 (60.80-117.10) | 72.05 (58.75-85.88) | <0.001 | | Median fasting blood glucose (mmol/L) (range) | 7.71 (5.95-10.38) | 5.87 (5.04-7.94) | <0.001 | | Median UA (mmol/L) (range) | 294.3 (197.1-381.4) | 279.2 (205.6-346.4) | 0.254 | | HB (g/L) () | | | <0.001 | | RBC count (×1012/L) () | | | <0.001 | | Median WBC count (×109/L) (range) | 9.48 (6.65-14.17) | 7.26 (4.95-10.36) | <0.001 | | Median neutrophil count (×109/L) (range) | 7.65 (4.88-12.04) | 5.19 (3.11-8.36) | <0.001 | | Median lymphocyte count (×109/L) (range) | 0.87 (0.55-1.35) | 1.09 (0.68-1.65) | 0.003 | | Median monocyte count (×109/L) (range) | 0.50 (0.34-0.77) | 0.43 (0.31-0.59) | 0.002 | | Median PLT count (×109/L) (range) | 153 (95-214) | 190 (132-242) | 0.001 | | Median RDW (%) (range) | 14.1 (12.9-15.9) | 13.2 (12.3-14.8) | 0.001 | | Median baseline eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) (range) | 80.03 (51.62-100.61) | 94.54 (77.26-108.56) | <0.001 | | Baseline , (%) | 40 (34.8) | 47 (10.2) | <0.001 | | Median NLR (range) | 8.77 (4.47-17.88) | 4.74 (2.24-10.23) | <0.001 | | Median PLR (range) | 165.08 (100.86-285.71) | 158.89 (109.58-247.40) | 0.808 |
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BMI: body mass index; ACEIs: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARBs: angiotensin receptor blockers; NSAIDs: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; CKD: chronic kidney disease; SCr: serum creatinine; UA: serum uric acid; HB: hemoglobin; RBC: red blood cell; WBC: white blood cell; RDW: red blood cell distribution width; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; NLR: neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio; PLR: platelet/lymphocyte ratio.
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