Percutaneous versus Surgical Intervention for Severe Aortic Valve Stenosis: A Systematic Review

Figure 4

Echocardiographic focal point of the SVD of the stent/stentless xenograft. Infective endocarditis, valve thrombosis, and isolated patient-prosthesis mismatch without functional valve deterioration, isolated paravalvular regurgitation, and frame distortion without abnormal leaflet function are excluded at this focal point of SVD. However, these conditions may explain phase 1 SVD because these bioprostheses could be inclined to early SVD.