Production, Transmission, Pathogenesis, and Control of Dengue Virus: A Literature-Based Undivided Perspective

Table 1

Laboratory diagnostic approaches for DENV infection detection.

Clinical sample	Diagnostic approach	Methodology
Acute serum (1-5 days of DF) and necropsy tissue	Virus isolation	Mosquito or mosquito cell culture inoculation
	Nucleic acid detection	RT-PCR, real-time PCR
	Antigen detection	NS1 Ag rapid test, NS1 Ag capture ELISA, immunohistochemistry
Paired sera; S1: acute serul from 1 to 5 days; S2: convalescent serum 15-21 days	IgG or IgM seroconversion (S1 to S2)	ELISA
		HI
		Plaque reduction neutralization test
Serum after day 5 of DF	IgM detection	MAC-ELISA, IgM rapid tests (lateral flow)
	IgG detection	IgG ELISA, HI, IgG rapid tests (lateral flow)

Abbreviations: Ag: antigen; DF: dengue fever; ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; HI: hemagglutination inhibition assay; IgG: immunoglobulin G; IgM: immunoglobulin M; MAC: immunoglobulin M antibody capture; NS1: non-structural protein 1; RT-PCR: reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction.