Association between Periodontal Disease and Comorbidities in Saudi’s Eastern Province
Table 4
Association between alveolar bone loss and DM with multiple comorbidities.
Factor
Model 1 DM
Model 2 DM & HTN
Model 3 DM & hyperlipidemia
Model 4 DM & CHD
(95% CI)
value
(95% CI)
value
(95% CI)
value
(95% CI)
value
Age
>50
2.39 (0.43, 4.35)
0.017
2.20 (0.41, 4.21)
0.02
-2.74 (0.81, 4.07)
0.005
2.65 (0.75, 4.43)
0.005
25-50
1.54 (0.11, 2.97)
0.03
1.56 (0.14, 2.97)
0.03
1.59 (0.16, 3.02)
0.03
1.62 (0.16, 3.02)
0.03
18-<25
Reference
Reference
Reference
Reference
Gender
Males
0.81 (-0.30, 1.91)
0.15
0.51 (-0.91, 1.92)
0.48
0.79 (-0.32, 1.90)
0.16
0.65 (0.46, 1.76)
0.25
Females
Reference
Reference
Reference
Reference
Nationality
Saudi
0.15 (-1.72, 0.15)
0.78
0.14 (-0.99, 1.07)
0.79
0.09 (-1.63, -0.05)
0.87
0.18 (-0.1.67, -0.07)
0.73
Non-Saudi
Reference
Reference
Reference
Reference
Smoking
Yes
1.40 (-0.39, 1.78)
0.21
1.78 (0.62, 3.61)
0.02
1.29 (-0.43, 1.75)
0.23
1.32 (-0.29, 1.89)
0.06
No
Reference
Reference
Reference
Reference
Number of missing teeth
>5
0.69 (-1.64, 2.12)
0.80
0.78 (-1.56, 2.13)
0.76
0.60 (-1.48, 2.28)
0.67
0.57 (-1.44, 2.29)
0.65
3-5
1.63 (-2.66, -0.58)
0.01
1.52 (0.06, 3.49)
0.02
1.64 (0.70, 3.59)
0.02
1.65 (0.69, 4.61)
0.02
0-2
Reference
Reference
Reference
Reference
Comorbidity
Yes
1.86 (0.30, 3.82)
0.01
2.82 (0.89, 4.75)
0.004
0.39 (-2.24, 3.01)
0.60
2.86 (-1.25, 6.96)
0.17
No
Reference
Reference
Reference
Reference
Model 1: effect of DM on amount of bone loss with other confounders controlled, adjusted , value < 0.001. Model 2: effect of DM and hypertension on bone loss with other confounders controlled, adjusted , value < 0.001. Model 3: effect of DM and hyperlipidemia on bone loss with other confounders controlled, adjusted , value < 0.001. Model 4: effect of DM and CHD on bone loss with other confounders controlled, adjusted , value < 0.001.
