TY - JOUR A2 - Ali, Daoud AU - Rhazouani, Asmaa AU - Gamrani, Halima AU - El Achaby, Mounir AU - Aziz, Khalid AU - Gebrati, Lhoucine AU - Uddin, Md Sahab AU - AZIZ, Faissal PY - 2021 DA - 2021/06/11 TI - Synthesis and Toxicity of Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles: A Literature Review of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies SP - 5518999 VL - 2021 AB - Nanomaterials have been widely used in many fields in the last decades, including electronics, biomedicine, cosmetics, food processing, buildings, and aeronautics. The application of these nanomaterials in the medical field could improve diagnosis, treatment, and prevention techniques. Graphene oxide (GO), an oxidized derivative of graphene, is currently used in biotechnology and medicine for cancer treatment, drug delivery, and cellular imaging. Also, GO is characterized by various physicochemical properties, including nanoscale size, high surface area, and electrical charge. However, the toxic effect of GO on living cells and organs is a limiting factor that limits its use in the medical field. Recently, numerous studies have evaluated the biocompatibility and toxicity of GO in vivo and in vitro. In general, the severity of this nanomaterial’s toxic effects varies according to the administration route, the dose to be administered, the method of GO synthesis, and its physicochemical properties. This review brings together studies on the method of synthesis and structure of GO, characterization techniques, and physicochemical properties. Also, we rely on the toxicity of GO in cellular models and biological systems. Moreover, we mention the general mechanism of its toxicity. SN - 2314-6133 UR - https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5518999 DO - 10.1155/2021/5518999 JF - BioMed Research International PB - Hindawi KW - ER -