Medicinal Plants with Prospective Benefits in the Management of Peptic Ulcer Diseases in Ghana

Table 1

Reported phytochemical constituents isolated from the list of ethnomedicinal plants with folkloric use for peptic ulcer disease.

Plant name	Family	Part used	Phytochemical constituents	References
(1) Chromolaena odorata (C. odorata)	Asteraceae	Leaves	Alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, terpenoids, and cardiac glycosides	[24–27].
(2) Alchornea cordifolia (A. cordifolia)	Euphorbiaceae	Leaves	Tannins, terpenoids, glycosides, alkaloids, saponins, and flavonoids	[43].
(3) Blighia sapida (B. sapida)	Sapindaceae	Leaves/stem bark	Cardiac glycosides, saponins, anthraquinones, flavonoids, alkaloids, phlobatannins, and terpenes	[54]
(4) Cyperus rotundus (C. rotundus)	Cyperaceae	Whole plant	Tannins, alkaloids, triterpenoids, flavonoids, phenolics, saponins, proteins, essential oils, starch, carbohydrates, and cardiac glycosides	[58, 59]
(5) Azadirachta indica (A. indica)	Meliaceae	Leaves	Alkaloids, saponins, tannins, and flavonoids	[67]
(6) Calotropis procera (C. procera)	Apocynaceae	Leaves	Flavonoids, polyphenolic compounds, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, alkaloids, saponins, and tannins	[77]
(7) Hoslundia opposita(H. opposita)	Labiatae	Leaves and roots	Alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, saponins, quinones in both aqueous and ethanolic extracts	[91, 92]
(8) Kigelia africana (K. africana)	Bignoniaceae	Leaves	Reducing sugars, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, phytosterols, coumarin, naphthoquinones, and glycosides	[101–104]
(9) Spathodea campanulata (S. campanulata)	Bignoniaceae	Stem bark	Saponins, tannins, anthraquinone glycosides, phenols, carbohydrates, flavonoids, sterols, and triterpenoids	[113, 114]
(10) Mangifera indica (M. indica)	Anacardiaceae	Leaves	Vitamins, carotenoids, polyphenols, sterols, amino acids, flavonoids, and terpenes	[122]
(11) Paullinia pinnata (P. pinnata)	Sapindaceae	All parts	Flavonoids, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, saponins, tannins, carbohydrates, sterols, triterpenoids, and steroidal glycosides	[133–135]
(12) Strophanthus hispidus (S. hispidus)	Apocynaceae	Roots	Tannins, glycosides, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, resin, and rhamnose sugar	[141]
(13) Zingiber officinale (ginger)	Zingiberaceae	Rhizome	Alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids, fats and oil, resins, and carbohydrates	[150]